11
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Tissue distribution and subcellular localizations determine in vivo functional relationship among prostasin, matriptase, HAI-1, and HAI-2 in human skin

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The membrane-bound serine proteases prostasin and matriptase and the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors HAI-1 and HAI-2 are all expressed in human skin and may form a tightly regulated proteolysis network, contributing to skin pathophysiology. Evidence from other systems, however, suggests that the relationship between matriptase and prostasin and between the proteases and the inhibitors can be context-dependent. In this study the in vivo zymogen activation and protease inhibition status of matriptase and prostasin were investigated in the human skin. Immunohistochemistry detected high levels of activated prostasin in the granular layer, but only low levels of activated matriptase restricted to the basal layer. Immunoblot analysis of foreskin lysates confirmed this in vivo zymogen activation status and further revealed that HAI-1 but not HAI-2 is the prominent inhibitor for prostasin and matriptase in skin. The zymogen activation status and location of the proteases does not support a close functional relation between matriptase and prostasin in the human skin. The limited role for HAI-2 in the inhibition of matriptase and prostasin is the result of its primarily intracellular localization in basal and spinous layer keratinocytes, which probably prevents the Kunitz inhibitor from interacting with active prostasin or matriptase. In contrast, the cell surface expression of HAI-1 in all viable epidermal layers renders it an effective regulator for matriptase and prostasin. Collectively, our study suggests the importance of tissue distribution and subcellular localization in the functional relationship between proteases and protease inhibitors.

          Related collections

          Most cited references40

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          TMPRSS2, a serine protease expressed in the prostate on the apical surface of luminal epithelial cells and released into semen in prostasomes, is misregulated in prostate cancer cells.

          TMPRSS2, a type II transmembrane serine protease, is highly expressed by the epithelium of the human prostate gland. To explore the regulation and function of TMPRSS2 in the prostate, a panel of monoclonal antibodies with high sensitivity and specificity were generated. Immunodetection showed TMPRSS2 on the apical plasma membrane of the prostate luminal cells and demonstrated its release into semen as a component of prostasomes, organelle-like vesicles that may facilitate sperm function and enhance male reproduction. In prostate cancer cells, TMPRSS2 expression was increased and the protein mislocalized over the entire tumor cell membrane. In both LNCaP prostate cancer cells and human semen, TMPRSS2 protein was detected predominantly as inactive zymogen forms as part of an array of multiple noncovalent and disulfide-linked complexes, suggesting that TMPRSS2 activity may be regulated by unconventional mechanisms. Our data suggested that TMPRSS2, an apical surface serine protease, may have a normal role in male reproduction as a component of prostasomes. The aberrant cellular localization, and increased expression of the protease seen in cancer, may contribute to prostate tumorigenesis by providing access of the enzyme to nonphysiological substrates and binding-proteins.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Matriptase/MT-SP1 is required for postnatal survival, epidermal barrier function, hair follicle development, and thymic homeostasis.

            Matriptase/MT-SP1 is a novel tumor-associated type II transmembrane serine protease that is highly expressed in the epidermis, thymic stroma, and other epithelia. A null mutation was introduced into the Matriptase/MT-SP1 gene of mice to determine the role of Matriptase/MT-SP1 in epidermal development and neoplasia. Matriptase/MT-SP1-deficient mice developed to term but uniformly died within 48 h of birth. All epidermal surfaces of newborn mice were grossly abnormal with a dry, red, shiny, and wrinkled appearance. Matriptase/MT-SP1-deficiency caused striking malformations of the stratum corneum, characterized by dysmorphic and pleomorphic corneocytes and the absence of vesicular bodies in transitional layer cells. This aberrant skin development seriously compromised both inward and outward epidermal barrier function, leading to the rapid and fatal dehydration of Matriptase/MT-SP1-deficient pups. Loss of Matriptase/MT-SP1 also seriously affected hair follicle development resulting in generalized follicular hypoplasia, absence of erupted vibrissae, lack of vibrissal hair canal formation, ingrown vibrissae, and wholesale abortion of vibrissal follicles. Furthermore, Matriptase/MT-SP1-deficiency resulted in dramatically increased thymocyte apoptosis, and depletion of thymocytes. This study demonstrates that Matriptase/MT-SP1 has pleiotropic functions in the development of the epidermis, hair follicles, and cellular immune system.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The epidermal barrier function is dependent on the serine protease CAP1/Prss8

              Serine proteases are proteolytic enzymes that are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes. We generated mice lacking the membrane-anchored channel-activating serine protease (CAP) 1 (also termed protease serine S1 family member 8 [Prss8] and prostasin) in skin, and these mice died within 60 h after birth. They presented a lower body weight and exhibited severe malformation of the stratum corneum (SC). This aberrant skin development was accompanied by an impaired skin barrier function, as evidenced by dehydration and skin permeability assay and transepidermal water loss measurements leading to rapid, fatal dehydration. Analysis of differentiation markers revealed no major alterations in CAP1/Prss8-deficient skin even though the epidermal deficiency of CAP1/Prss8 expression disturbs SC lipid composition, corneocyte morphogenesis, and the processing of profilaggrin. The examination of tight junction proteins revealed an absence of occludin, which did not prevent the diffusion of subcutaneously injected tracer (∼600 D) toward the skin surface. This study shows that CAP1/Prss8 expression in the epidermis is crucial for the epidermal permeability barrier and is, thereby, indispensable for postnatal survival.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Resources
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: Resources
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Resources
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysis
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Investigation
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysis
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Investigation
                Role: Data curation
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Methodology
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                13 February 2018
                2018
                : 13
                : 2
                : e0192632
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
                [2 ] Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
                [3 ] Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
                [4 ] Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
                [5 ] Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
                [6 ] Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
                [7 ] Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
                [8 ] Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC, United States of America
                [9 ] School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
                [10 ] Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
                University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: C.-Y.L. is an inventor on US patents #6,077,938 (Title: Monoclonal antibody to an 80-kDa protease) and #6,677,377 (Title: Structure based discovery of inhibitors of matriptase for the cancer diagnosis and therapy by detection and inhibition of matriptase activity) and M.D.J. and C.-Y.L. are inventors on US patent #7,355,015 (Title: Matriptase, a serine protease and its applications). This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-2118
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-2571
                Article
                PONE-D-17-32068
                10.1371/journal.pone.0192632
                5811018
                29438412
                d5c12fef-a889-4b7a-b133-8d263885b5a2
                © 2018 Lee et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 6 September 2017
                : 26 January 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 0, Pages: 18
                Funding
                Funded by: Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan
                Award ID: TSGH-C106-013
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan
                Award ID: TSGH-C106-013
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: The Ministry of National Defense, Taiwan
                Award ID: MAB-105-139
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: The Ministry of National Defense, Taiwan
                Award ID: MAB-105-140
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: The Ministry of National Defense, Taiwan
                Award ID: MAB-106-070
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000054, National Cancer Institute;
                Award ID: CA123223
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000054, National Cancer Institute;
                Award ID: CA123223
                Award Recipient :
                This study was supported by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Grant RO1 CA 123223 (to M.D. Johnson and C.-Y. Lin), Grant (MAB106-070) from the Ministry of National Defense, Taiwan (to J.-K. Wang), Grant (TSGH-C106-013) from the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan (to S.-P. Lee and C.-Y. Kao), Grant (MAB-105-139) from the Ministry of National Defense, Taiwan (to C.-P. Chiang), and Grant (MAB-105-140) from the Ministry of National Defense, Taiwan (to S.-P. Lee). We also acknowledge the assistance provided by the Histopathology and Tissue Shared Resource and the Microscopy and Imaging Shared Resource which are supported in part by the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center support grant (NIH/NCI grant P30-CA051008).
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Enzymology
                Enzyme Precursors
                Zymogens
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Integumentary System
                Skin
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Integumentary System
                Skin
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Cell Biology
                Cellular Types
                Animal Cells
                Epithelial Cells
                Keratinocytes
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Biological Tissue
                Epithelium
                Epithelial Cells
                Keratinocytes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Biological Tissue
                Epithelium
                Epithelial Cells
                Keratinocytes
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Specimen Preparation and Treatment
                Staining
                Cell Staining
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Enzymology
                Enzymes
                Proteases
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Proteins
                Enzymes
                Proteases
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Tissue Distribution
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pharmacology
                Pharmacokinetics
                Tissue Distribution
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Enzymology
                Enzymes
                Proteases
                Serine Proteases
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Proteins
                Enzymes
                Proteases
                Serine Proteases
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Cell Biology
                Cellular Structures and Organelles
                Subcellular Localization
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article