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      Suicide ideation and/or attempt with substance use and associated factors among the youth in northwest Ethiopia, community-based

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          Abstract

          Background

          Substance use is referring to the use of psychoactive substances like chat, cigarettes, alcohol, and others. The use of substances particularly (alcohol, chat, and cigarette) is a major mental health burden in developing countries including Ethiopia among youth. Suicide ideation and an attempt are thinking or trying to kill oneself that facilitates the act of a person intentionally causing his or her death. Suicide is one of the most serious mental health problems and has a great social impact in the world as it is currently the third leading cause of death for youth. Youth is defined as the period of life between childhood and maturity with an age interval of (15–25).

          Method

          A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts with substance use among youth in northwest Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling techniques of stratified with simple random sample ware used. In the first stage, substance users are selected then as the second stage among substance users the burden of suicide behavior is assessed. ASIST, DASS-21, and other tools were used to assess suicidal behavior with substance use and associated factors. Data were edited, purified, and entered into Epi-data version 4.6 before being exported to the statistical package for social sciences version 20 for analysis of bi-variables to see the associations’ p-value < 0.2 and multi-variables to identify the associated variables with a p-value of < 0.05 AOR and CI also done.

          Results

          From a total of 372 substance user participants over all prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among youth was 54(14.5%) with 95% CI of (11.0,18.0) and 37(9.9%) with 95% CI (7.0, 13.0) respectively . Being female [AOR =2.36;95% CI:(1.19, 4.68)], poor social support [AOR =3.03; 95% CI: (1.11, 8.25)], and anxiety [AOR = 3.82: 95% CI; (1.96, 7.46)].

          Conclusion and recommendations

          The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among substance users was 14.5 and 9.9% respectively therefore, immediate interventional actions needed to be administered to decrease the burden of suicide by reducing substance use and other associated factors.

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          Most cited references47

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          The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories

          The psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were evaluated in a normal sample of N = 717 who were also administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The DASS was shown to possess satisfactory psychometric properties, and the factor structure was substantiated both by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In comparison to the BDI and BAI, the DASS scales showed greater separation in factor loadings. The DASS Anxiety scale correlated 0.81 with the BAI, and the DASS Depression scale correlated 0.74 with the BDI. Factor analyses suggested that the BDI differs from the DASS Depression scale primarily in that the BDI includes items such as weight loss, insomnia, somatic preoccupation and irritability, which fail to discriminate between depression and other affective states. The factor structure of the combined BDI and BAI items was virtually identical to that reported by Beck for a sample of diagnosed depressed and anxious patients, supporting the view that these clinical states are more severe expressions of the same states that may be discerned in normals. Implications of the results for the conceptualisation of depression, anxiety and tension/stress are considered, and the utility of the DASS scales in discriminating between these constructs is discussed.
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            Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior.

            This review examines the descriptive epidemiology, and risk and protective factors for youth suicide and suicidal behavior. A model of youth suicidal behavior is articulated, whereby suicidal behavior ensues as a result of an interaction of socio-cultural, developmental, psychiatric, psychological, and family-environmental factors. On the basis of this review, clinical and public health approaches to the reduction in youth suicide and recommendations for further research will be discussed.
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Psychometric Characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Mamarumelkam@gmail.com
                Demilew24@gmail.com
                Tilahunkassew123@gmail.com
                fantabiruk@yahoo.com
                sewbesew12@gmail.com
                kassalemu@gmail.com
                yasspsycho@gmail.com
                berhanie.getnet.bg@gmail.com
                edenabetu@gmail.com
                ewnetuwendale@gmail.com
                Mohammedoumer58@gmail.com
                G.nenko@gmail.com
                Journal
                BMC Psychiatry
                BMC Psychiatry
                BMC Psychiatry
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-244X
                28 July 2022
                28 July 2022
                2022
                : 22
                : 507
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.59547.3a, ISNI 0000 0000 8539 4635, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, , University of Gondar, ; Gondar, Ethiopia
                [2 ]GRID grid.59547.3a, ISNI 0000 0000 8539 4635, Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Science, , University of Gondar, ; Gondar, Ethiopia
                [3 ]GRID grid.59547.3a, ISNI 0000 0000 8539 4635, Department of Psychology, College of Social Science and Humanities, , University of Gondar, ; Gondar, Ethiopia
                [4 ]GRID grid.59547.3a, ISNI 0000 0000 8539 4635, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, , University of Gondar, ; Gondar, Ethiopia
                [5 ]GRID grid.59547.3a, ISNI 0000 0000 8539 4635, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Science, , University of Gondar, ; Gondar, Ethiopia
                Article
                4157
                10.1186/s12888-022-04157-x
                9331079
                34983462
                d57bbc77-2ab3-44f7-951a-b83b4ce36cba
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 11 March 2022
                : 18 July 2022
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                substance use,suicidal ideation and attempt,youth,ethiopia
                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                substance use, suicidal ideation and attempt, youth, ethiopia

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