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      La Psicología Ambiental-Comunitaria en el Estudio de los Desastres: La Importancia de los Vínculos Socioespaciales Translated title: Environmental-Community Psychology in the Study of Disasters: The Importance of Socio-Spatial Links

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN: La literatura psicosocial en contextos de desastres socionaturales se ha enfocado mayoritariamente en el estudio de las consecuencias psicológicas en las personas afectadas, dejando en un segundo plano los factores psicosocioambientales. Nos proponemos aquí destacar la pertinencia de una psicología ambiental comunitaria, para analizar tanto aspectos subjetivos de la relación con el lugar como las relaciones comunitarias de las localidades afectadas por desastres. Para ello, presentamos un marco conceptual de categorías de la psicología comunitaria y la psicología ambiental, pertinentes para estudiar lo que denominamos vínculos socioespaciales en situaciones de desastre socionatural. Se ilustra esta perspectiva presentando resultados de una investigación realizada con metodología mixta, que describe cómo emergen estos vínculos en personas que han vivido en comunidades afectadas por terremotos, tsunami y erupción volcánica en 4 localidades en Chile. Se analizaron las respuestas a las escalas de apego al lugar, identidad de lugar, satisfacción residencial, sentido de comunidad y participación cívica en una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia (n=628), y relatos de 17 grupos focales (n=117) sobre los significados construidos del espacio público. Se concluye que la articulación de la psicología ambiental y comunitaria amplía el entendimiento de elementos de poder y disputa del territorio, así como visibiliza falencias psicosociales en las soluciones de reconstrucción post-desastres.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT: The psychosocial literature in contexts of socio-natural disasters has mainly focused on the study of the psychological consequences for the people affected, paying less attention to psycho-socioenvironmental factors. In this article, we aim to highlight the relevance of community environmental psychology for analyzing both the subjective aspects of people-place relationships and the community relations of the towns hit by disasters. To do this, we present a conceptual framework community psychology and environmental psychology categories which are relevant for studying what we call socio-spatial links in socio-natural disaster situations. This perspective is illustrated by presenting the results of a study carried out with a mixed methodology, which describes how these links emerge in people who have lived in communities affected by earthquakes, a tsunami, and a volcanic eruption in 4 Chilean towns. Responses to the scales of place attachment, place identity, residential satisfaction, sense of community, and civic participation were analyzed in a non-probability (convenience) sample (n = 628), along with reports of 17 focus groups (n = 117) on the constructed meanings of public space. It is concluded that the articulation of environmental and community psychology broadens our understanding of elements of power and dispute in the territory, while also making psychosocial flaws visible in post-disaster reconstruction solutions.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                psykhe
                Psykhe (Santiago)
                Psykhe
                Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-2228
                May 2020
                : 29
                : 1
                : 1-16
                Affiliations
                [1] Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso Chile
                Article
                S0718-22282020000100107 S0718-2228(20)02900100107
                10.7764/psykhe.29.1.1579
                d5636798-2ccb-43d1-ad3b-81a2940426b1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : July 2019
                : April 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 73, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Sección Especial

                espacio público comunitario,environmental-community psychology,residential satisfaction,satisfacción residencial,place attachment,psicología ambiental comunitaria,apego al lugar,socio-natural disaster,desastre socionatural,community public space

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