Le rewildingest un terme récent mais déjà polysémique, ce qui donne lieu à des critiques relatives à la cohérence des projets s’en réclamant ainsi qu’à leur capacité à proposer une nouvelle direction pour l’action écologique. Sa définition la plus directe, comme principe d’action écologique visant à rendre un élément (espace, espèce, écosystème) à nouveau sauvage, pose elle-même question. Le recours à la notion d’autonomie plus qu’humaine permet de surmonter ces critiques : les initiatives de rewildingimpliquent un décentrement des êtres humains de l’action écologique et sont à envisager comme des agencements humains/autres qu’humains sans but prédéfini. L’approche de géographie plus qu’humaine apporte une nouvelle perspective à l’étude de cet objet et plus largement à la réflexion sur les relations au sauvage et au vivant dans son ensemble.
This article offers a critical review of literature concerning the emerging topic of rewilding. It deals with different meanings and uses of the term: trophic rewilding, Pleistocene rewilding, rewilding through the action of herbivores, individual rewilding, rewilding on islands, flora rewilding, spontaneous or passive rewilding, rewilding of abandoned landscapes and even rewilding of humans. Although a recent notion, with first references published in the 1990s, rewilding is already polysemic and faces criticism regarding its coherence and capacity to offer new directions to ecological action. Its most common understanding as a principle of ecological action aiming to bring an individual, a species, an ecosystem or place back to a wilder state, also raises some issues. It infers a will to go back to a former state and reactivates the idea that some spaces are free from human influence and should thus be considered wild and therefore protected. We could overcome these issues by characterizing rewilding as centred on the notion of more-than-human autonomy. Indeed, rewilding projects aim at a decentring of anthropocentric ecological action and could be seen as human/other-than-human arrangements. This shift in the definition of rewilding enables us to see it as an open-ended and more-than-human process rather than as human-managed and goal-oriented. More-than-human geography offers a new approach to current reflexions on rewilding and on how to live in more-than-human worlds.
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