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      Child Electronic Growth Monitoring System: An innovative and sustainable approach for establishing the Kaduna Infant Development (KID) Study in Nigeria

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          Abstract

          Background

          Developing countries bear the burden of childhood stunting but lack resources for cohort studies to develop preventive strategies. To enable future prospective studies, we designed and tested the Child Electronic Growth Monitoring System (CEGROMS) using a readily available electronic data capture platform, the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap).

          Objectives

          To demonstrate the feasibility of using CEGROMS for data collection for a pilot study for the Kaduna Infant Development (KID) Birth Cohort Study in Nigeria.

          Methods

          CEGROMS consists of the data capture form for growth monitoring, a central cloud server, electronic tablets, and desktop computer. We implemented the pilot study in 2017‐2019 at the Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for completeness of baseline data (relative to individuals with incomplete data) and completion of follow‐up at different time points (relative to individuals with no follow‐up visit) by the participant characteristics. Complete data were defined as date of birth, sex, and birthweight recorded at recruitment.

          Results

          Among 3152 infant records in CEGROMS, 2789 (88.5%) had complete data. Of these, 1905 (68.3%) had at least one follow‐up visit. The main determinants of data completeness were health facility delivery (OR 19.17, 95% CI 13.65, 26.92) and tertiary education (OR 3.54, 95% CI 2.69, 4.67). Follow‐up was greater for women with tertiary education (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06, 1.51 for at least one visit). Maternal education is associated with completeness and follow‐up (following adjustments for parity and employment).

          Conclusions

          The CEGROMS electronic data collection system enables complete and consistent data collection. The data will enable design of strategies to improve follow‐up in the future implementation of the birth cohort study.

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          Most cited references34

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          Early-life determinants of overweight and obesity: a review of systematic reviews.

          L Monasta, G D Batty, A Cattaneo … (2010)
          The aim of this paper was to review the evidence for early-life (from conception to 5 years of age) determinants of obesity. The design is review of published systematic reviews. Data sources included Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO. Identification of 22 eligible reviews from a database of 12,021 independent publications. Quality of selected reviews assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews score. Articles published after the reviews were used to confirm results. No review was classified as high quality, 11 as moderate and 11 as low. Factors associated with later overweight and obesity: maternal diabetes, maternal smoking, rapid infant growth, no or short breastfeeding, obesity in infancy, short sleep duration, <30 min of daily physical activity, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Other factors were identified as potentially relevant, although the size of their effect is difficult to estimate. Maternal smoking, breastfeeding, infant size and growth, short sleep duration and television viewing are supported by better-quality reviews. It is difficult to establish a causal association between possible determinants and obesity, and the relative importance of each determinant. Future research should focus on early-life interventions to confirm the role of protective and risk factors and to tackle the high burden obesity represents for present and future generations. © 2010 The Authors. obesity reviews © 2010 International Association for the Study of Obesity.
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            Child malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: A meta-analysis of demographic and health surveys (2006-2016)

            Blessing J. Akombi, Kingsley E Agho, Dafna Merom … (2017)
            Background Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest levels of child malnutrition globally. Therefore, a critical look at the distribution of malnutrition within its sub-regions is required to identify the worst affected areas. This study provides a meta-analysis of the prevalence of malnutrition indicators (stunting, wasting and underweight) within four sub-regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Cross-sectional data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (2006–2016) of 32 countries in sub-Saharan Africa were used. The countries were grouped into four sub-regions (East Africa, West Africa, Southern Africa and Central Africa), and a meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of each malnutrition indicator within each of the sub-regions. Significant heterogeneity was detected among the various surveys (I2 >50%), hence a random effect model was used, and sensitivity analysis was performed, to examine the effects of outliers. Stunting was defined as HAZ<-2; wasting as WHZ<-2 and underweight as WAZ<-2. Results Stunting was highest in Burundi (57.7%) and Malawi (47.1%) in East Africa; Niger (43.9%), Mali (38.3%), Sierra Leone (37.9%) and Nigeria (36.8%) in West Africa; Democratic Republic of Congo (42.7%) and Chad (39.9%) in Central Africa. Wasting was highest in Niger (18.0%), Burkina Faso (15.50%) and Mali (12.7%) in West Africa; Comoros (11.1%) and Ethiopia (8.70%) in East Africa; Namibia (6.2%) in Southern Africa; Chad (13.0%) and Sao Tome & Principle (10.5%) in Central Africa. Underweight was highest in Burundi (28.8%) and Ethiopia (25.2%) in East Africa; Niger (36.4%), Nigeria (28.7%), Burkina Faso (25.7%), Mali (25.0%) in West Africa; and Chad (28.8%) in Central Africa. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition was highest within countries in East Africa and West Africa compared to the WHO Millennium development goals target for 2015. Appropriate nutrition interventions need to be prioritised in East Africa and West Africa if sub-Saharan Africa is to meet the WHO global nutrition target of improving maternal, infant and young child nutrition by 2025.
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              Cohort Profile: Mandela's children: the 1990 Birth to Twenty study in South Africa.

              Linda Richter, Shane Norris, John Pettifor … (2007)
              Article 0 comments Cited 139 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Musa A. Kana:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-7610
                musa.kana@nih.gov
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1365-3016
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PPE
                Title: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 0269-5022
                ISSN (Electronic): 1365-3016
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 February 2020
                Publication date (Print): September 2020
                Volume: 34
                Issue: 5 , Leveraging Technology ( doiID: 10.1111/ppe.v34.5 )
                Pages: 532-543
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Research Triangle Park NC USA
                [ 2 ] Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital Kaduna Nigeria
                [ 3 ] Kaduna State University Kaduna Nigeria
                [ 4 ] EPIUnit‐Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Musa A. Kana, Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.

                Email: musa.kana@ 123456nih.gov

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-7610
                Article
                Publisher ID: PPE12641
                DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12641
                PMC ID: 7443740
                PubMed ID: 32083347
                SO-VID: d548058b-5537-4431-9aa0-3db0aedfb7ec
                Copyright © © 2020 The Authors. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date received : 13 August 2019
                Date revision received : 28 October 2019
                Date accepted : 23 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 4, Pages: 12, Words: 16072
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , open-funder-registry 10.13039/100000066;
                Award ID: ZO1 ES 49019
                Funded by: National Institutes of Health , open-funder-registry 10.13039/100000002;
                Categories
                Subject: Special Issue: Leveraging Technology
                Subject: Special Issue: Leveraging Technology
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date September 2020
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.9.0 mode:remove_FC converted:11.09.2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: birth cohort,childhood stunting,growth registry
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: birth cohort, childhood stunting, growth registry

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