Association Between Ambient Air Pollution and Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography Positivity in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment

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Abstract

<p class="first" id="d5527040e253">Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition is a feature of Alzheimer disease (AD) and may be promoted by exogenous factors, such as ambient air quality. </p>

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Exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of dementia: A population-based cohort study

Hong Chen, Jeffrey Kwong, Ray Copes … (2017)

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Long-term PM2.5 Exposure and Neurological Hospital Admissions in the Northeastern United States

Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou, Joel Schwartz, Marc G Weisskopf … (2015)

Background Long-term exposure to fine particles (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5) has been consistently linked to heart and lung disease. Recently, there has been increased interest in examining the effects of air pollution on the nervous system, with evidence showing potentially harmful effects on neurodegeneration. Objective Our objective was to assess the potential impact of long-term PM2.5 exposure on event time, defined as time to first admission for dementia, Alzheimer’s (AD), or Parkinson’s (PD) diseases in an elderly population across the northeastern United States. Methods We estimated the effects of PM2.5 on first hospital admission for dementia, AD, and PD among all Medicare enrollees ≥ 65 years in 50 northeastern U.S. cities (1999–2010). For each outcome, we first ran a Cox proportional hazards model for each city, adjusting for prior cardiopulmonary-related hospitalizations and year, and stratified by follow-up time, age, sex, and race. We then pooled the city-specific estimates by employing a random effects meta-regression. Results We followed approximately 9.8 million subjects and observed significant associations of long-term PM2.5 city-wide exposure with all three outcomes. Specifically, we estimated a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.11) for dementia, an HR of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.19) for AD, and an HR of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.12) for PD admissions per 1-μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5 concentrations. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and time to first hospitalization for common neurodegenerative diseases. We found strong evidence of association for all three outcomes. Our findings provide the basis for further studies, as the implications of such exposures could be crucial to public health. Citation Kioumourtzoglou MA, Schwartz JD, Weisskopf MG, Melly SJ, Wang Y, Dominici F, Zanobetti A. 2016. Long-term PM2.5 exposure and neurological hospital admissions in the northeastern United States. Environ Health Perspect 124:23–29; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408973

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Ozone, particulate matter, and newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan.

Chau-Ren Jung, Yu-Ting Lin, Bing-Fang Hwang (2015)

Several studies with animal research associate air pollution in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, but the actual impact of air pollution on the risk of AD is unknown. Here, this study investigates the association between long-term exposure to ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and newly diagnosed AD in Taiwan. We conducted a cohort study of 95,690 individuals' age ≥ 65 during 2001-2010. We obtained PM10 and O3 data from Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency during 2000-2010. Since PM2.5 data is only accessible entirely after 2006, we used the mean ratio between PM2.5 and PM10 during 2006-2010 (0.57) to estimate the PM2.5 concentrations from 2000 to 2005. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the associations between O3 and PM2.5 at baseline and changes of O3 and PM2.5 during the follow-up period and AD. The adjusted HR for AD was weakly associated with a raised concentration in O3 at baseline per increase of 9.63 ppb (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.12). Further, we estimated a 211% risk of increase of AD per increase of 10.91 ppb in O3 over the follow-up period (95% CI 2.92-3.33). We found a 138% risk of increase of AD per increase of 4.34 μg/m3 in PM2.5 over the follow-up period (95% CI 2.21-2.56). These findings suggest long-term exposure to O3 and PM2.5 above the current US EPA standards are associated with increased the risk of AD.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: JAMA Neurology

Abbreviated Title: JAMA Neurol

Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)

ISSN (Print): 2168-6149

Publication date (Electronic): November 30 2020

Affiliations

[1 ]Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco

[2 ]Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel

[3 ]Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco

[4 ]Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island

[5 ]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco

[6 ]Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond

[7 ]Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri

[8 ]Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California

[9 ]Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis

[10 ]Medical and Scientific Relations Division, Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, Illinois

[11 ]Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island

[12 ]Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco

[13 ]Associate Editor, JAMA Neurology

Article

DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.3962

PMC ID: 7879238

PubMed ID: 33252608

SO-VID: d4abf425-6606-4f5c-b6af-3658346cce2e

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Association Between Ambient Air Pollution and Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography Positivity in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment

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Functional role of amyloid

Most cited references 5

Exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of dementia: A population-based cohort study

Long-term PM2.5 Exposure and Neurological Hospital Admissions in the Northeastern United States

Ozone, particulate matter, and newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan.

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