For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
39
views
111
references
 Top references
cited by
22
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      66
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Magnetic Particle Imaging: Current and Future Applications, Magnetic Nanoparticle Synthesis Methods and Safety Measures

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have a wide range of applications; an area of particular interest is magnetic particle imaging (MPI). MPI is an imaging modality that utilizes superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIONs) as tracer particles to produce highly sensitive and specific images in a broad range of applications, including cardiovascular, neuroimaging, tumor imaging, magnetic hyperthermia and cellular tracking. While there are hurdles to overcome, including accessibility of products, and an understanding of safety and toxicity profiles, MPI has the potential to revolutionize research and clinical biomedical imaging. This review will explore a brief history of MPI, MNP synthesis methods, current and future applications, and safety concerns associated with this newly emerging imaging modality.

          Related collections

          Most cited references111

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: a review

          Allyn Maeda, J. J. Wu, T Sawa … (2000)
          Article 0 comments Cited 520 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Hyperthermia in combined treatment of cancer.

            P Wust, B Hildebrandt, G. Sreenivasa … (2002)
            Hyperthermia, the procedure of raising the temperature of tumour-loaded tissue to 40-43 degrees C, is applied as an adjunctive therapy with various established cancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The potential to control power distributions in vivo has been significantly improved lately by the development of planning systems and other modelling tools. This increased understanding has led to the design of multiantenna applicators (including their transforming networks) and implementation of systems for monitoring of E-fields (eg, electro-optical sensors) and temperature (particularly, on-line magnetic resonance tomography). Several phase III trials comparing radiotherapy alone or with hyperthermia have shown a beneficial effect of hyperthermia (with existing standard equipment) in terms of local control (eg, recurrent breast cancer and malignant melanoma) and survival (eg, head and neck lymph-node metastases, glioblastoma, cervical carcinoma). Therefore, further development of existing technology and elucidation of molecular mechanisms are justified. In recent molecular and biological investigations there have been novel applications such as gene therapy or immunotherapy (vaccination) with temperature acting as an enhancer, to trigger or to switch mechanisms on and off. However, for every particular temperature-dependent interaction exploited for clinical purposes, sophisticated control of temperature, spatially as well as temporally, in deep body regions will further improve the potential.
            Article 0 comments Cited 434 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Tomographic imaging using the nonlinear response of magnetic particles.

              Bernhard Gleich, Jürgen Weizenecker (2005)
              The use of contrast agents and tracers in medical imaging has a long history. They provide important information for diagnosis and therapy, but for some desired applications, a higher resolution is required than can be obtained using the currently available medical imaging techniques. Consider, for example, the use of magnetic tracers in magnetic resonance imaging: detection thresholds for in vitro and in vivo imaging are such that the background signal from the host tissue is a crucial limiting factor. A sensitive method for detecting the magnetic particles directly is to measure their magnetic fields using relaxometry; but this approach has the drawback that the inverse problem (associated with transforming the data into a spatial image) is ill posed and therefore yields low spatial resolution. Here we present a method for obtaining a high-resolution image of such tracers that takes advantage of the nonlinear magnetization curve of small magnetic particles. Initial 'phantom' experiments are reported that demonstrate the feasibility of the imaging method. The resolution that we achieve is already well below 1 mm. We evaluate the prospects for further improvement, and show that the method has the potential to be developed into an imaging method characterized by both high spatial resolution as well as high sensitivity.
              Article 0 comments Cited 374 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Robert Ivkov: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 July 2021
                Publication date Collection: July 2021
                Volume: 22
                Issue: 14
                Electronic Location Identifier: 7651
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; cbilli10@ 123456vols.utk.edu
                [2 ]Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; mlangle5@ 123456vols.utk.edu (M.L.); gwarring@ 123456vols.utk.edu (G.W.); fmashali@ 123456vols.utk.edu (F.M.)
                [3 ]Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN 37388, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: jjohnson@ 123456utsi.edu
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-9229
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-674X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0830-9275
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-22-07651
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147651
                PMC ID: 8306580
                PubMed ID: 34299271
                SO-VID: d45549d5-c986-4bcc-9b72-81b3e5b33452
                Copyright © © 2021 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 03 July 2021
                Date accepted : 14 July 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles,magnetic particle imaging,superparamagnetic iron oxide,nanoparticle safety
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic particle imaging, superparamagnetic iron oxide, nanoparticle safety

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content66

                See all similar

                Cited by21

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors2,887

                See all reference authors