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      The Emergence of Animal Management in the Southern Levant

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          Abstract

          Our compilation of zooarchaeological data from a series of important archaeological sites spanning the Epipaleolithic through Pre-Pottery Neolithic B periods in the Mediterranean Hills of the southern Levant contributes to major debates about the beginnings of ungulate management in Southwest Asia. The data support an onset of ungulate management practices by the Early PPNB (10,500–10,000 cal. BP), more than 500 years earlier than previously thought for this region. There is a clear developmental connection between reduced hunting intensity and the uptake of ungulate management, confirming that this process began in response to local, density-dependent demographic factors. The early process of goat domestication in the southern Levant appears to have been overwhelmingly local. This may have been true for cattle and pigs as well. Nevertheless, the loose synchrony of animal management trends across Southwest Asia was undoubtedly enabled by large-scale social networks that transmitted knowledge. The results add to growing evidence that animal management processes followed multiple regional evolutionary pathways within the Fertile Crescent.

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          Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem.

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            Sea–land oxygen isotopic relationships from planktonic foraminifera and speleothems in the Eastern Mediterranean region and their implication for paleorainfall during interglacial intervals

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              The Tortoise and the Hare

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                natalie.munro@uconn.edu
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                18 June 2018
                18 June 2018
                2018
                : 8
                : 9279
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0860 4915, GRID grid.63054.34, Department of Anthropology, , Unit 1176, 354 Mansfield Road, University of Connecticut, ; Storrs, CT 06250 USA
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0562, GRID grid.18098.38, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, , University of Haifa, ; Mount Carmel, 31905 Haifa Israel
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1090 2022, GRID grid.52539.38, Department of Anthropology, , Trent University, ; DNA Block C, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8 Canada
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0546, GRID grid.12136.37, Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, , Tel Aviv University, ; Tel Aviv, 6997801 Israel
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2168 186X, GRID grid.134563.6, School of Anthropology, , P.O. Box 210030, University of Arizona, ; Tucson, AZ 85721-0030 USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1690-6133
                Article
                27647
                10.1038/s41598-018-27647-z
                6006362
                29915348
                d4353096-7cf6-4343-963f-621012965c3c
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 31 October 2017
                : 7 June 2018
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