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      Angiomixoma agresivo penoescrotal Translated title: Penoscrotal agressive angiomyxoma

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          Abstract

          Angiomixoma agresivo designa una neoplasia mesenquimatosa extremadamente rara. Afecta casi exclusivamente estructuras genitales, pélvicas o perineales de pacientes de sexo femenino, siendo muy raros los casos que envuelven el sexo masculino. Se trata de neoformaciones bien caracterizadas desde el punto de vista histológico y de comportamiento benigno. Los autores presentan un caso clínico de un tumor de este tipo en un adulto joven de sexo masculino con envolvimiento penoescrotal de grandes dimensiones implicando exéresis y reconstrucción compleja, con recurso a colgajos e injertos cutáneos. Es igualmente realizada una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre el tema englobando aspectos etiopatogénicos, clínicos, de imagen, anatomo-patológicos y de diagnóstico diferencial, así como terapéuticos y de pronóstico.

          Translated abstract

          Aggressive angiomyxoma denotes an extremely infrequent mesenchymal tumour. In virtually every case it involves genital, pelvic or perineal female structures. Cases involving male patients are extremely rare. It is a distinctive tumour with a characteristic clinical course and specific and well characterized microscopic features. The authors report an additional clinical case in a young male patient with massive scrotal and penile involvement, necessitating exeresis followed by complex reconstructive procedure implying flap and graft use. A review of the available literature concerning etiopathogenic, clinical, imagiologic, histological and differential diagnosis, therapeutic and prognostic aspects is also presented.

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          Most cited references32

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          Aggressive angiomyxoma of the female pelvis and perineum. Report of nine cases of a distinctive type of gynecologic soft-tissue neoplasm.

          Nine case of a distinctive soft tissue tumor of the female pelvis and perineum are described. They were characterized by their occurrence in young women (ages 21-38), large size (up to 60 X 20 cm), locally infiltrative nature, and grossly gelatinous appearance. The initial clinical impression was usually that of a Bartholin gland cyst. The microscopic appearance was that of spindle or stellate cells widely separated by a loose myxoid stroma focally rich in collagen fibrils, a prominent vascular component, including many large thick-walled vessels without an arborizing pattern, and foci of proliferating glandular elements in two cases. Mitotic activity was exceedingly low. Ultrastructural study of the spindle cells showed features consistent with myofibroblastic differentiation. Four patients developed large local recurrences; one tumor recurred twice, 14 and 15 years after initial excision. No distant metastases have been documented to date, and all patients are alive and well. The differential diagnosis of this unusual tumor includes myxoma, myxoid liposarcoma, sarcoma botryoides, myxoid variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, nerve sheath myxoma, and other soft tissue tumors with secondary myxoid changes. We have chosen the term "aggressive angiomyxoma" for this neoplasm to emphasize the neoplastic nature of the blood vessels and its locally infiltrative and recurrent nature.
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            Aggressive angiomyxoma: a second case of metastasis with patient's death.

            Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare tumor that predominates in the female genital tract. Multiple relapses may occur in adjacent organs and tissues, but metastases have not been reported. We present a case of aggressive angiomyxoma in a young woman with multiple local recurrences that metastasized to the lungs, killing the patient. We document this case and report a similar one, found in the literature, of a postmenopausal woman with pulmonary and mediastinic metastases. These cases may expand the current concepts of potential behavior of aggressive angiomyxoma.
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              Aggressive angiomyxoma: a clinicopathologic study of 29 female patients.

              Aggressive angiomyxoma is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor that preferentially involves the pelvic and perineal regions of females. Since its initial description in 1983, approximately 65 cases have been reported in the English literature. The clinical and pathologic features of 29 cases of aggressive angiomyxoma were evaluated in a review of archival material from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (1960-1992). Histochemical stains for mucosubstances and immunohistochemistry (avidin-biotin complex method) were utilized to characterize the neoplasms further. All patients were females, between 16 and 70 years (median; 34 years). The soft tissues of the pelvis, perineum, vulva, buttock, retroperitoneum, and inguinal regions were involved. The majority of the tumors were > or = 10 centimeters in greatest dimension. Follow-up ranging from 8 to 198 months (mean, 93 months; median, 95 months) was available for 22 patients. Eight patients developed recurrent tumor, from 10 months to 7 years after the initial resection. No patient developed metastases and there were no tumor related deaths. Histologically, the neoplasms were sparsely to moderately cellular and predominantly composed of bland, relatively nondescript. stellate and spindled cells embedded in a loosely collagenized matrix with scattered vessels of varied caliber. A few cases contained some tumor cells with more abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm that raised the possibility of focal smooth muscle differentiation. The tumor matrix was no more than weakly reactive for mucosubstances; thus, while glycosaminoglycans are present to a limited extent, edema fluid appears to be a major component of the noncollagenous stroma. The neoplastic cells were at least focally immunoreactive for desmin (22/22), smooth muscle actin (19/20), muscle specific actin (16/19), vimentin (17/17), CD34/QBEND-10 (8/16), and estrogen (13/14) and progesterone (9/10) receptor. All of the examined tumors were negative for S100 protein (20/20). Ki67 (MIB1) immunoreactivity was present in <1% of the tumor nuclei in all 16 cases tested. Aggressive angiomyxoma is a distinctive, locally aggressive, mesenchymal tumor that appears to be relatively site specific and has a peak incidence in females in the fourth decade of life. There is a strong propensity for local recurrence but metastatic disease has not been reported. Since the first evidence of recurrence may be many years after the initial resection, long term follow-up is required. The neoplastic cells of aggressive angiomyxoma exhibit fibroblastic and myofibroblastic features and appear to be hormonally influenced. The possibility that the progenitor cell has a capacity for smooth muscle differentiation is raised.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aue
                Actas Urológicas Españolas
                Actas Urol Esp
                Asociación Española de Urología (, , Spain )
                0210-4806
                March 2009
                : 33
                : 3
                : 321-326
                Affiliations
                [02] Matosinhos orgnameHospital Pedro Hispano orgdiv1Servicio de Urología Portugal
                [04] Matosinhos orgnameHospital Pedro Hispano orgdiv1Servicio de Anatomía Patológica Portugal
                [01] V.N. Gaia orgnameCentro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho orgdiv1Servicio de Urología Portugal
                [03] orgnameCirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva
                Article
                S0210-48062009000300018
                10.4321/s0210-48062009000300018
                d42156eb-210d-429c-9f33-63afa36e09db

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : July 2007
                : June 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Angiomixoma agresivo,Escroto,Tumor mesenquimatoso,Aggressive angyomixoma,Scrotum,Mesenchymal tumour

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