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      First confirmed complete incubation of a flapper skate ( Dipturus intermedius) egg in captivity

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          Abstract

          An egg of the critically endangered flapper skate Dipturus intermedius was successfully incubated to hatching in captivity in what is believed to be a first for the species. Water conditions (temperature, salinity, flow rate) were recorded, with mean water temperatures ranging from a monthly mean of 8.3 ± 1.2 to 13.2 ± 0.3°C and salinity from a monthly mean of 30.5 ± 1.2 to 36.6 ± 2.3 ppt. Hatching occurred after 534 days, suggesting that flapper skate eggs take c. 5700 growing degree‐days to incubate to hatching. The egg's prolonged embryonic development raises concerns about flapper skate eggs' vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance.

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          Rays of the World

          Rays are among the largest fishes and evolved from shark-like ancestors nearly 200 million years ago. They share with sharks many life history traits: all species are carnivores or scavengers; all reproduce by internal fertilisation; and all have similar morphological and anatomical characteristics, such as skeletons built of cartilage. Rays of the World is the first complete pictorial atlas of the world’s ray fauna and includes information on many species only recently discovered by scientists while undertaking research for the book. It includes all 26 families and 633 valid named species of rays, but additional undescribed species exist for many groups. Rays of the World features a unique collection of paintings of all living species by Australian natural history artist Lindsay Marshall, compiled as part of a multinational research initiative, the Chondrichthyan Tree of Life Project. Images sourced from around the planet were used by the artist to illustrate the fauna. This comprehensive overview of the world’s ray fauna summarises information such as general identifying features and distributional information about these iconic, but surprisingly poorly known, fishes. It will enable readers to gain a better understanding of the rich diversity of rays and promote wider public interest in the group. Rays of the World is an ideal reference for a wide range of readers, including conservationists, fishery managers, scientists, fishers, divers, students and book collectors.
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            Disappearance of common skate Raia batis from Irish Sea

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              The growing degree-day and fish size-at-age: the overlooked metric

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                jane.dodd@nature.scot
                Journal
                J Fish Biol
                J Fish Biol
                10.1111/(ISSN)1095-8649
                JFB
                Journal of Fish Biology
                Blackwell Publishing Ltd (Oxford, UK )
                0022-1112
                1095-8649
                19 June 2021
                September 2021
                : 99
                : 3 ( doiID: 10.1111/jfb.v99.3 )
                : 1150-1154
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Scottish Association for Marine Science, University of the Highlands and Islands Oban UK
                [ 2 ] Royal Zoological Society Scotland Edinburgh UK
                [ 3 ] Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
                [ 4 ] NatureScot Oban UK
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Jane Dodd, NatureScot, Cameron House, Albany Street, Oban PA344AE, UK.

                Email: jane.dodd@ 123456nature.scot

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0953-5998
                Article
                JFB14816
                10.1111/jfb.14816
                8518643
                34076277
                d3dfb770-198e-4011-8283-cbd78a374b00
                © 2021 Crown copyright. Journal of Fish Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Fisheries Society of the British Isles. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 24 May 2021
                : 01 February 2021
                : 25 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 0, Pages: 5, Words: 3398
                Funding
                Funded by: Scottish Natural Heritage , doi 10.13039/100014610;
                Award ID: 117523
                Categories
                Brief Communication
                Brief Communications
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                September 2021
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.8 mode:remove_FC converted:15.10.2021

                Ecology
                development, dipturus intermedius ,egg,embryo,flapper skate,temperature,time
                Ecology
                development, dipturus intermedius , egg, embryo, flapper skate, temperature, time

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