Contemporary Approaches to Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors

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Abstract

In recent years, the arrival of the immunotherapy industry has introduced the possibility of providing transformative, durable, and potentially curative outcomes for various forms of malignancies. However, further research has shown that there are a number of issues that significantly reduce the effectiveness of immunotherapy, especially in solid tumors. First of all, these problems are related to the protective mechanisms of the tumor and its microenvironment. Currently, major efforts are focused on overcoming protective mechanisms by using different adoptive cell therapy variants and modifications of genetically engineered constructs. In addition, a complex workforce is required to develop and implement these treatments. To overcome these significant challenges, innovative strategies and approaches are necessary to engineer more powerful variations of immunotherapy with improved antitumor activity and decreased toxicity. In this review, we discuss recent innovations in immunotherapy aimed at improving clinical efficacy in solid tumors, as well as strategies to overcome the limitations of various immunotherapies.

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Most cited references 254

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The clinical successes in immunotherapy have been both astounding and at the same time unsatisfactory. Countless patients with varied tumor types have seen pronounced clinical response with immunotherapeutic intervention; however, many more patients have experienced minimal or no clinical benefit when provided the same treatment. As technology has advanced, so has the understanding of the complexity and diversity of the immune context of the tumor microenvironment and its influence on response to therapy. It has been possible to identify different subclasses of immune environment that have an influence on tumor initiation and response and therapy; by parsing the unique classes and subclasses of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) that exist within a patient’s tumor, the ability to predict and guide immunotherapeutic responsiveness will improve, and new therapeutic targets will be revealed.

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Immunotherapy is proving to be an effective therapeutic approach in a variety of cancers. But despite the clinical success of antibodies against the immune regulators CTLA4 and PD-L1/PD-1, only a subset of people exhibit durable responses, suggesting that a broader view of cancer immunity is

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Author and article information

Contributors

Alla V. Kuznetsova: (View ORCID Profile)

Xenia A. Glukhova: (View ORCID Profile)

Alexey A. Ivanov: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): CANCCT

Title: Cancers

Abbreviated Title: Cancers

Publisher: MDPI AG

ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6694

Publication date Created: June 2024

Publication date (Electronic): June 19 2024

Volume: 16

Issue: 12

Page: 2270

Article

DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122270

PubMed ID: 38927974

SO-VID: d3da9153-901b-45d9-a9be-40fa60a608df

License:

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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