Antitussive, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Walnut ( Juglans regia  L.) Septum Extract Rich in Bioactive Compounds

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Abstract

The antitussive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of a walnut ( Juglans regia L.) septum extract (WSE), rich in bioactive compounds were investigated using the citric acid aerosol-induced cough experimental model in rodents. Wistar male rats were treated orally for three days with distilled water (control), codeine (reference), and WSE in graded doses. On the third day, all rats were exposed to citric acid aerosols, the number of coughs being recorded. Each animal was sacrificed after exposure, and blood and lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological analysis and the assessment of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The results of the experiment showed a significant antitussive effect of WSE, superior to codeine. This activity could be due to cellular protective effect and anti-inflammatory effect via the stimulation of the antioxidant enzyme system and the decrease of IL-6 and CXC-R1 concentration in the lung tissue of WSE-treated animals. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of WSE were confirmed by biochemical assays and histopathological analysis. This is the first scientific study reporting the antitussive effect of walnut septum, a new potential source of non-opioid antitussive drug candidates, and a valuable bioactive by-product that could be used in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

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Nrf2 signaling pathway: Pivotal roles in inflammation.

Syed Minhaj Uddin Ahmed, Lin Luo, Akhileshwar Namani … (2017)

Inflammation is the most common feature of many chronic diseases and complications, while playing critical roles in carcinogenesis. Several studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 contributes to the anti-inflammatory process by orchestrating the recruitment of inflammatory cells and regulating gene expression through the antioxidant response element (ARE). The Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein)/Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2)/ARE signaling pathway mainly regulates anti-inflammatory gene expression and inhibits the progression of inflammation. Therefore, the identification of new Nrf2-dependent anti-inflammatory phytochemicals has become a key point in drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the members of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signal pathway and its downstream genes, the effects of this pathway on animal models of inflammatory diseases, and crosstalk with the NF-κB pathway. In addition we also discuss about the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by Nrf2. Besides this, we summarize the current scenario of the development of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals and others that mediate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.

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Dietary polyphenols, oxidative stress and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects

Rong Tsao, Hua Zhang (2016)

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A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation.

Ozcan Erel (2004)

To develop a novel colorimetric and automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity (TAC). A new generation, more stable, colored 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS(*+)) was employed. The ABTS(*+) is decolorized by antioxidants according to their concentrations and antioxidant capacities. This change in color is measured as a change in absorbance at 660 nm. This process is applied to an automated analyzer and the assay is calibrated with Trolox. The novel assay is linear up to 6 mmol Trolox equivalent/l, its precision values are lower than 3%, and there is no interference from hemoglobin, bilirubin, EDTA, or citrate. The method developed is significantly correlated with the Randox- total antioxidant status (TAS) assay (r = 0.897, P < 0.0001; n = 91) and with the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay (r = 0.863, P < 0.0001; n = 110). Serum TAC level was lower in patients with major depression (1.69 +/- 0.11 mmol Trolox equivalent/l) than in healthy subjects (1.75 +/- 0.08 mmol Trolox equivalent/l, P = 0.041). This easy, stable, reliable, sensitive, inexpensive, and fully automated method described can be used to measure total antioxidant capacity.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Antioxidants (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Antioxidants (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): antioxidants

Title: Antioxidants

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2076-3921

Publication date (Electronic): 15 January 2021

Publication date Collection: January 2021

Volume: 10

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 119

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; ionel.fizesan@ 123456umfcluj.ro (I.F.); anca.pop@ 123456umfcluj.ro (A.P.); stefan.georgia@ 123456umfcluj.ro (M.-G.Ș.); kbela@ 123456umfcluj.ro (B.K.); dpopa@ 123456umfcluj.ro (D.-S.P.)

[2 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; rusu.marius@ 123456umfcluj.ro (M.E.R.); dana.muntean@ 123456umfcluj.ro (D.-M.M.)

[3 ]Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

[4 ]Department of Medical Devices, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; smirel@ 123456umfcluj.ro

[5 ]Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: cgeorgiu@ 123456umfcluj.ro (C.G.); oliviu.vostinaru@ 123456umfcluj.ro (O.V.); Tel.: +40-741-185163 (O.V.)

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Author information

Dana-Maria Muntean https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3914-0110

Béla Kiss https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3036-5345

Daniela-Saveta Popa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-5753

Article

Publisher ID: antioxidants-10-00119

DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010119

PMC ID: 7830861

PubMed ID: 33467612

SO-VID: d398d253-6ce3-446b-a596-b49ccbe35e17

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Antitussive, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Septum Extract Rich in Bioactive Compounds

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Biomarkers for Inflammatory Lung Disease

Most cited references 62

Nrf2 signaling pathway: Pivotal roles in inflammation.

Dietary polyphenols, oxidative stress and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects

A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation.

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