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      LncRNA & Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer

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          Abstract

          The outlook for new therapeutic approaches is pivotal to ameliorate the deterioration caused by the abrogated Wnt signaling. Long non-coding RNAs ( lncRNAs) are tiny molecules that have begun emerging as vital molecular manager for the regulation of various cellular processes at transcription and translation levels in the colorectal cancer (CRC). Targeting Wnt pathway with lncRNA seems a promising approach to eradicate CRC. However, little is known of their active role in commencing both apoptosis and proliferation in CRC. This article  reviews the importance of these molecules in the pathogenesis of CRC and also emphasizes on the development of new therapeutic strategies to cope with the Wnt mediated CRC.

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          A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis.

          E Fearon, B Vogelstein (1990)
          Article 0 comments Cited 1018 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Molecular genetics of colorectal cancer.

            Eric R. Fearon (2011)
            Over the past three decades, molecular genetic studies have revealed some critical mutations underlying the pathogenesis of the sporadic and inherited forms of colorectal cancer (CRC). A relatively limited number of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes-most prominently the APC, KRAS, and p53 genes-are mutated in a sizeable fraction of CRCs, and a larger collection of genes that are mutated in subsets of CRC have begun to be defined. Together with DNA-methylation and chromatin-structure changes, the mutations act to dysregulate conserved signaling networks that exert context-dependent effects on critical cell phenotypes, including the regulation of cellular metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Much work remains to be done to fully understand the nature and significance of the individual and collective genetic and epigenetic defects in CRC. Some key concepts for the field have emerged, two of which are emphasized in this review. Specifically, the gene defects in CRC often target proteins and pathways that exert pleiotropic effects on the cancer cell phenotype, and particular genetic and epigenetic alterations are linked to biologically and clinically distinct subsets of CRC.
            Article 0 comments Cited 562 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              The H19 Long non-coding RNA in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis – a proposed unifying theory

              Eli Raveh, Imad Matouk, Michal Gilon … (2015)
              The imprinted oncofetal long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is expressed in the embryo, down-regulated at birth and then reappears in tumors. Its role in tumor initiation and progression has long been a subject of controversy, although accumulating data suggest that H19 is one of the major genes in cancer. It is actively involved in all stages of tumorigenesis and is expressed in almost every human cancer. In this review we delineate the various functions of H19 during the different stages in the complex process of tumor progression. H19 up-regulation allows cells to enter a “selfish” survival mode in response to stress conditions, such as destabilization of the genome and hypoxia, by accelerating their proliferation rate and increasing overall cellular resistance to stress. This response is tightly correlated with nullification, dysfunction or significant down-regulation of the master tumor suppressor gene P53. The growing evidence of H19’s involvement in both proliferation and differentiation processes, together with its involvement in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and also mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), has led us to conclude that some of the recent disputes and discrepancies arising from current research findings can be resolved from a viewpoint supporting the oncogenic properties of H19. According to a holistic approach, the versatile, seemingly contradictory functions of H19 are essential to, and differentially harnessed by, the tumor cell depending on its context within the process of tumor progression.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Bahare Salehi: bahar.salehi007@gmail.com
                Javad Sharifi-Rad:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-8151
                javad.sharifirad@gmail.com
                William C. Cho: chocs@ha.org.hk
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cancer Cell Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cancer Cell Int
                Title: Cancer Cell International
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1475-2867
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 July 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 20 July 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 20
                Electronic Location Identifier: 326
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Office for Research Innovation and Commercialization, Lahore Garrison University, Sector-C, Phase VI, DHA, Lahore, Pakistan
                [2 ]GRID grid.412117.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2234 2376, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), , National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), ; Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
                [3 ]GRID grid.440526.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0609 3164, Department of Biotechnology, , Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, ; Quetta, Pakistan
                [4 ]GRID grid.444936.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0608 9608, Department of Biotechnology, , University of Central Punjab, ; Lahore, Pakistan
                [5 ]Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
                [6 ]Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
                [7 ]GRID grid.411600.2, Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran
                [8 ]GRID grid.415499.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1771 451X, Department of Clinical Oncology, , Queen Elizabeth Hospital, ; 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-8151
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1412
                DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01412-7
                PMC ID: 7372757
                PubMed ID: 32699525
                SO-VID: d37b9329-568b-49e0-b414-c63cc2bc9f6b
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 7 April 2020
                Date accepted : 9 July 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: wnt signaling,colorectal cancer,lncrna,therapeutics strategy
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: wnt signaling, colorectal cancer, lncrna, therapeutics strategy

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