Information in Black Hole Radiation

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Abstract

If black hole formation and evaporation can be described by an \(S\) matrix, information would be expected to come out in black hole radiation. An estimate shows that it may come out initially so slowly, or else be so spread out, that it would never show up in an analysis perturbative in \(M_{Planck}/M\), or in 1/N for two-dimensional dilatonic black holes with a large number \(N\) of minimally coupled scalar fields.

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No Time Asymmetry from Quantum Mechanics

Don N. Page (1993)

With CPT-invariant initial conditions that commute with CPT-invariant final conditions, the respective probabilities (when defined) of a set of histories and its CPT reverse are equal, giving a CPT-symmetric universe. This leads me to question whether the asymmetry of the Gell-Mann--Hartle decoherence functional for ordinary quantum mechanics should be interpreted as an asymmetry of {\it time} .

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How Fast Does Information Leak out from a Black Hole?

Jacob Bekenstein (1993)

Hawking's radiance, even as computed without account of backreaction, departs from blackbody form due to the mode dependence of the barrier penetration factor. Thus the radiation is not the maximal entropy radiation for given energy. By comparing estimates of the actual entropy emission rate with the maximal entropy rate for the given power, and using standard ideas from communication theory, we set an upper bound on the permitted information outflow rate. This is several times the rates of black hole entropy decrease or radiation entropy production. Thus, if subtle quantum effects not heretofore accounted for code information in the radiance, the information that was thought to be irreparably lost down the black hole may gradually leak back out from the black hole environs over the full duration of the hole's evaporation.

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Author and article information

Journal

Publication date Created: 17 June 1993

Publication date Updated: 1993-08-26

Article

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3743

ArXiV ID: hep-th/9306083

SO-VID: d33f98bc-d48c-43ad-8c75-d4cead65d152

History

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Journal reference Phys.Rev.Lett. 71 (1993) 3743-3746

Comments 12 pages, 1 PostScript figure, LaTeX, Alberta-Thy-24-93 (In response to Phys. Rev. Lett. referees' comments, the connection between expansions in inverse mass and in 1/N are spelled out, and a figure is added. An argument against perturbatively predicting even late-time information is also provided, as well as various minor changes.)

Categories hep-th gr-qc

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