Unilateral lateral rectus palsy following dengue: a case report

Abstract

Introduction and importance:

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection presenting with high-grade fever and other constitutional symptoms.

Case presentation:

This case report details a rare occurrence of lateral rectus palsy in an 18-year-old male subsequent to dengue infection. The patient initially presented with fever, a generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS), and symptomatic hypoglycemia, leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) necessitating intensive care. Remarkably, no haemorrhagic manifestations were observed. The MODS gradually resolved by the 12th day of admission, coinciding with the emergence of complaints about uniocular diplopia and right esotropia. Systemic examination, including a normal computed tomography (CT) head scan, did not reveal any abnormalities. Additionally, potential causes contributing to esotropia and diplopia were ruled out. The patient was subsequently managed expectantly for lateral rectus palsy following severe dengue. Follow-up assessments indicated a gradual improvement in esotropia and diplopia, and the patient was advised to continue the prescribed medications.

Conclusion:

This is the first documented case report of paralytic squint post-severe dengue in Nepal, emphasizing the importance of considering it as a differential diagnosis in tropical regions with endemic dengue infections. The case report advocates early identification and treatment of ophthalmic issues, notably with prednisolone, to achieve favourable outcomes, as evidenced by improvements in visual acuity, esotropia, and diplopia during follow-ups. Further research is essential to determine optimal treatment strategies for such neurological complications associated with dengue fever.