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      Developmental Models for Estimating Ecological Responses to Environmental Variability: Structural, Parametric, and Experimental Issues

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      Acta Biotheoretica
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          TOWARD A METABOLIC THEORY OF ECOLOGY

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            Shifts in phenology due to global climate change: the need for a yardstick.

            Climate change has led to shifts in phenology in many species distributed widely across taxonomic groups. It is, however, unclear how we should interpret these shifts without some sort of a yardstick: a measure that will reflect how much a species should be shifting to match the change in its environment caused by climate change. Here, we assume that the shift in the phenology of a species' food abundance is, by a first approximation, an appropriate yardstick. We review the few examples that are available, ranging from birds to marine plankton. In almost all of these examples, the phenology of the focal species shifts either too little (five out of 11) or too much (three out of 11) compared to the yardstick. Thus, many species are becoming mistimed due to climate change. We urge researchers with long-term datasets on phenology to link their data with those that may serve as a yardstick, because documentation of the incidence of climate change-induced mistiming is crucial in assessing the impact of global climate change on the natural world.
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              Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology.

              Natural populations consist of phenotypically diverse individuals that exhibit variation in their demographic parameters and intra- and inter-specific interactions. Recent experimental work indicates that such variation can have significant ecological effects. However, ecological models typically disregard this variation and focus instead on trait means and total population density. Under what situations is this simplification appropriate? Why might intraspecific variation alter ecological dynamics? In this review we synthesize recent theory and identify six general mechanisms by which trait variation changes the outcome of ecological interactions. These mechanisms include several direct effects of trait variation per se and indirect effects arising from the role of genetic variation in trait evolution.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Acta Biotheoretica
                Acta Biotheor
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                0001-5342
                1572-8358
                March 2014
                January 20 2014
                March 2014
                : 62
                : 1
                : 69-90
                Article
                10.1007/s10441-014-9209-9
                24443079
                d270d36c-9881-4402-b752-074afc7ec5a4
                © 2014

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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