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      Effect of Audiovisual Training on Monaural Spatial Hearing in Horizontal Plane

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      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , *
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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLoS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          The article aims to test the hypothesis that audiovisual integration can improve spatial hearing in monaural conditions when interaural difference cues are not available. We trained one group of subjects with an audiovisual task, where a flash was presented in parallel with the sound and another group in an auditory task, where only sound from different spatial locations was presented. To check whether the observed audiovisual effect was similar to feedback, the third group was trained using the visual feedback paradigm. Training sessions were administered once per day, for 5 days. The performance level in each group was compared for auditory only stimulation on the first and the last day of practice. Improvement after audiovisual training was several times higher than after auditory practice. The group trained with visual feedback demonstrated a different effect of training with the improvement smaller than the group with audiovisual training. We conclude that cross-modal facilitation is highly important to improve spatial hearing in monaural conditions and may be applied to the rehabilitation of patients with unilateral deafness and after unilateral cochlear implantation.

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          Auditory-visual integration during multimodal object recognition in humans: a behavioral and electrophysiological study.

          M. H. Giard, F Péronnet (1999)
          The aim of this study was (1) to provide behavioral evidence for multimodal feature integration in an object recognition task in humans and (2) to characterize the processing stages and the neural structures where multisensory interactions take place. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 30 scalp electrodes while subjects performed a forced-choice reaction-time categorization task: At each trial, the subjects had to indicate which of two objects was presented by pressing one of two keys. The two objects were defined by auditory features alone, visual features alone, or the combination of auditory and visual features. Subjects were more accurate and rapid at identifying multimodal than unimodal objects. Spatiotemporal analysis of ERPs and scalp current densities revealed several auditory-visual interaction components temporally, spatially, and functionally distinct before 200 msec poststimulus. The effects observed were (1) in visual areas, new neural activities (as early as 40 msec poststimulus) and modulation (amplitude decrease) of the N185 wave to unimodal visual stimulus, (2) in the auditory cortex, modulation (amplitude increase) of subcomponents of the unimodal auditory N1 wave around 90 to 110 msec, and (3) new neural activity over the right fronto-temporal area (140 to 165 msec). Furthermore, when the subjects were separated into two groups according to their dominant modality to perform the task in unimodal conditions (shortest reaction time criteria), the integration effects were found to be similar for the two groups over the nonspecific fronto-temporal areas, but they clearly differed in the sensory-specific cortices, affecting predominantly the sensory areas of the nondominant modality. Taken together, the results indicate that multisensory integration is mediated by flexible, highly adaptive physiological processes that can take place very early in the sensory processing chain and operate in both sensory-specific and nonspecific cortical structures in different ways.
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            Cross-modal plasticity: where and how?

            Daphne Bavelier, Helen J. Neville (2002)
            Animal studies have shown that sensory deprivation in one modality can have striking effects on the development of the remaining modalities. Although recent studies of deaf and blind humans have also provided convincing behavioural, electrophysiological and neuroimaging evidence of increased capabilities and altered organization of spared modalities, there is still much debate about the identity of the brain systems that are changed and the mechanisms that mediate these changes. Plastic changes across brain systems and related behaviours vary as a function of the timing and the nature of changes in experience. This specificity must be understood in the context of differences in the maturation rates and timing of the associated critical periods, differences in patterns of transiently existing connections, and differences in molecular factors across brain systems.
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              Benefits of multisensory learning.

              Ladan Shams, Aaron R. Seitz (2008)
              Studies of learning, and in particular perceptual learning, have focused on learning of stimuli consisting of a single sensory modality. However, our experience in the world involves constant multisensory stimulation. For instance, visual and auditory information are integrated in performing many tasks that involve localizing and tracking moving objects. Therefore, it is likely that the human brain has evolved to develop, learn and operate optimally in multisensory environments. We suggest that training protocols that employ unisensory stimulus regimes do not engage multisensory learning mechanisms and, therefore, might not be optimal for learning. However, multisensory-training protocols can better approximate natural settings and are more effective for learning.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date Collection: 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 March 2011
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: e18344
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Université Toulouse, CerCo, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse France
                [2 ]CNRS, UMR 5549. Faculté de Médecine de Rangueil, Toulouse France
                [3 ]Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, France
                McGill University, Canada
                Author notes

                Conceived and designed the experiments: KS PB. Performed the experiments: KS. Analyzed the data: KS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MR. Wrote the manuscript: KS PB. Designed the software: MR.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-10-04368
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018344
                PMC ID: 3066228
                PubMed ID: 21479241
                SO-VID: d1dbf412-8978-4367-b27a-8d69adf8688a
                Copyright © Strelnikov et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Date received : 4 November 2010
                Date accepted : 4 March 2011
                Page count
                Pages: 9
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Biology
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: Psychophysics
                Subject: Sensory Systems
                Subject: Auditory System
                Subject: Visual System
                Subject: Cognitive Neuroscience

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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