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      Soft Drink, Software and Softening of Teeth – a Case Report of Tooth Wear in the Mixed Dentition Due to a Combination of Dental Erosion and Attrition

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      Author(s): 1 , * , 2 , 2
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: The Open Dentistry Journal
      Publisher: Bentham Open
      Keywords: Erosion, soft drink, tooth wear, attrition.

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          Abstract

          This case report describes a 9-year-old boy with severe tooth wear as a result of drinking a single glass of soft drink per day. This soft drink was consumed over a period of one to two hours, while he was gaming intensively on his computer. As a result, a deep bite, enamel cupping, sensitivity of primary teeth and loss of fillings occurred. Therefore, dentists should be aware that in patients who are gaming intensively, the erosive potential of soft drinks can be potentiated by mechanical forces leading to excessive tooth wear.

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          Innate secretory immunity in response to laboratory stressors that evoke distinct patterns of cardiac autonomic activity.

          Jos Bosch, Eco J. C. N. de Geus, Enno C. I. Veerman … (2015)
          Most infections begin at mucosal surfaces. These surfaces are covered by the secretory proteins of the exocrine glands (eg, the salivary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal glands), which provide a first line of innate defense. The release of these secretory proteins is under neuroendocrine control and thus, in theory, sensitive to modulation by psychosocial stress. This was empirically tested by measuring the salivary secretion of cystatin S, lactoferrin, alpha-amylase, the mucins MUC5B and MUC7, and total salivary protein in response to stressors known to evoke distinct patterns of cardiac autonomic activity. Thirty-two undergraduate volunteers were each subjected to two laboratory stressors and a control condition. Stressors were an active coping memory test and a passive coping video presentation showing surgical procedures. In the control condition participants viewed a didactic video presentation. The stressors evoked the expected distinct patterns of cardiac autonomic activity. The memory test produced a strong increase in sympathetic activity (evidenced by a shortened preejection period), and a decrease in cardiac parasympathetic activity (evidenced by a decrease in heart rate variability). This active coping response was associated with an enhanced secretion ( microg/min, controlling for salivary flow rate) of MUC7, lactoferrin, alpha-amylase, and total salivary protein. Conversely, the surgical video produced an increase in cardiac vagal tone and a modest increase in sympathetic activity. This passive coping response was associated with an enhanced secretion of all proteins studied. These secretory responses were generally larger than the secretory responses during the active coping memory test. Correlation analyses indicated that for both stressors autonomic and cardiovascular reactivity was positively associated with an enhanced and prolonged secretory activity. Stress-induced modulation of innate secretory immunity may be a contributing factor in the observed relationship between stress and susceptibility to infectious diseases. We further propose a more differentiated approach to acute stress by distinguishing among stressors with distinct autonomic nervous system effects.
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            Rehabilitation of the worn dentition.

            G. Carlsson, Kjell Johansson, Hesham Omar (2008)
            The purpose of this review was to evaluate the literature on the rehabilitation of tooth wear, with some pertinent historical, epidemiological and aetiological aspects of tooth wear provided as background information. In historical skull material, extensive tooth wear, assumed to be the result of coarser diets, was found even in relatively young individuals. Such wear is seldom seen in current populations. Although many of the factors associated with extensive tooth wear in historical material are no longer present or prevalent, new risk factors have emerged. In the young individual, the literature points to a global rise in soft drink consumption as the most significant factor in the development of tooth wear through dental erosion. Among older individuals, lifestyle changes and chronic diseases that are controlled with medications that may, in turn, result in regurgitation and/or dry mouth, are possible reasons amongst others for the widespread clinical impression of an increasing prevalence of tooth wear. The aetiology of tooth wear is multifactorial and the role of bruxism is not known. Clinical controlled trials of restorative and prosthodontic approaches for the range of clinical conditions that wear can give rise to, are limited in number and quality. Equally, the striking lack of evidence regarding the long-term outcomes of treatment methods and materials calls for caution in clinical decision-making. Notwithstanding these observations, clinicians have provided and continue to provide rehabilitative strategies for managing their patients' worn dentitions that range traditionally from extensive prosthodontics to an increasing reliance on adhesive techniques.
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              Dental erosion -- changing prevalence? A review of British National childrens' surveys.

              J H Nunn, P H Gordon, A Morris … (2003)
              To investigate the change in the prevalence of dental erosion, over time, by a review of the data from the published national dental surveys of young people in the UK. A subsidiary objective was to investigate the relationship between erosion and possible associated risk factors. The review was based on cross-sectional prevalence studies incorporating a clinical dental examination and structured interviews. The data were collated from the 1993 UK childrens' dental health survey and the dental report of the two National Diet and Nutrition Surveys (NDNS) of children aged 1(1/2)-4(1/2) in 1992/3 and 4-18 years in 1996/7. The criteria used for data collection were comparable between the three different studies. Comparing the data from the different studies, the prevalence of erosion was seen to increase from the time of the childrens' dental health survey in 1993 and the NDNS study of 4-18-year-olds in 1996/7. There was a trend towards a higher prevalence of erosion in children aged between 3(1/2) and 4(1/2) and in those who consumed carbonated drinks on most days compared with toddlers consuming these drinks less often. Drinks overnight were associated with an increased prevalence of erosion. More 4-6-year-olds with reported symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux had erosion compared with symptom-free children. On multivariate analysis, the strongest independent association with erosion was geography, with children living in the North having twice the odds of having erosion compared with those in London and the South-east. Comparing prevalence data from cross-sectional national studies indicates that dental erosion increases between different age cohorts of young people over time. Dietary associations with erosion are present but weak. Similarly, there is an association apparent between erosion, symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux and socio-demographic variables such as region of domicile, social class, and receipt of social benefits.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Open Dent J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TODENTJ
                Title: The Open Dentistry Journal
                Publisher: Bentham Open
                ISSN (Electronic): 1874-2106
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 October 2010
                Publication date Collection: 2010
                Volume: 4
                Pages: 198-200
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Bambodino Paediatric Dental Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
                [2 ] Department of Oral Biochemistry. Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                Author notes
                [* ]Address correspondence to this author at the Bambodino Paediatric Dental Clinic, Meerum Terwogtlaan 133, 3056 PP Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Tel: +31 10 4334243; Fax: +31 10 4113957; E-mail: dien.gambon@ 123456kpnmail.nl
                Article
                Publisher ID: TODENTJ-4-198
                DOI: 10.2174/1874210601004010198
                PMC ID: 3020588
                PubMed ID: 21243073
                SO-VID: d1bc304f-0192-4880-bad6-25d741f17249
                Copyright © © Gambon et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.
                License:

                This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 14 April 2010
                Date revision received : 10 June 2010
                Date accepted : 11 August 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: tooth wear,attrition.,soft drink,erosion
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: tooth wear, attrition., soft drink, erosion

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