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      Structure Matters: Twenty-One Teaching Strategies to Promote Student Engagement and Cultivate Classroom Equity

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      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: CBE Life Sciences Education
      Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology

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          Abstract

          A host of simple teaching strategies—referred to as “equitable teaching strategies” and rooted in research on learning—can support biology instructors in striving for classroom equity and in teaching all their students, not just those who are already engaged, already participating, and perhaps already know the biology being taught.

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          Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods: A six-thousand-student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses

          Richard Hake (1998)
          Article 0 comments Cited 573 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.

            C Steele, J. Aronson (1995)
            Stereotype threat is being at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's group. Studies 1 and 2 varied the stereotype vulnerability of Black participants taking a difficult verbal test by varying whether or not their performance was ostensibly diagnostic of ability, and thus, whether or not they were at risk of fulfilling the racial stereotype about their intellectual ability. Reflecting the pressure of this vulnerability, Blacks underperformed in relation to Whites in the ability-diagnostic condition but not in the nondiagnostic condition (with Scholastic Aptitude Tests controlled). Study 3 validated that ability-diagnosticity cognitively activated the racial stereotype in these participants and motivated them not to conform to it, or to be judged by it. Study 4 showed that mere salience of the stereotype could impair Blacks' performance even when the test was not ability diagnostic. The role of stereotype vulnerability in the standardized test performance of ability-stigmatized groups is discussed.
            Article 0 comments Cited 270 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Increased structure and active learning reduce the achievement gap in introductory biology.

              David Haak, Janneke HilleRisLambers, Emile Pitre … (2011)
              Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics instructors have been charged with improving the performance and retention of students from diverse backgrounds. To date, programs that close the achievement gap between students from disadvantaged versus nondisadvantaged educational backgrounds have required extensive extramural funding. We show that a highly structured course design, based on daily and weekly practice with problem-solving, data analysis, and other higher-order cognitive skills, improved the performance of all students in a college-level introductory biology class and reduced the achievement gap between disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged students--without increased expenditures. These results support the Carnegie Hall hypothesis: Intensive practice, via active-learning exercises, has a disproportionate benefit for capable but poorly prepared students.
              Article 0 comments Cited 245 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): CBE Life Sci Educ
                Journal ID (hwp): CBE-LSE
                Journal ID (pmc): CBE-LSE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CBE-LSE
                Title: CBE Life Sciences Education
                Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology
                ISSN (Print): 1931-7913
                ISSN (Electronic): 1931-7913
                Publication date (Print): Fall 2013
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 322-331
                Affiliations
                Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to: Kimberly Tanner ( kdtanner@ 123456sfsu.edu ).
                Article
                Publisher ID: CBE-13-06-0115
                DOI: 10.1187/cbe.13-06-0115
                PMC ID: 3762997
                PubMed ID: 24006379
                SO-VID: d165006f-a57e-48f9-81f5-02c9284a2e1d
                Copyright © © 2013 K. D. Tanner. CBE—Life Sciences Education © 2013 The American Society for Cell Biology. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). It is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).
                License:

                “ASCB®” and “The American Society for Cell Biology®” are registered trademarks of The American Society of Cell Biology.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Features
                Subject: Approaches to Biology Teaching and Learning
                Custom metadata
                cover-date September 4, 2013

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Education
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Education

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