Asthma prevalence based on the Baidu index and China&apos;s Health Statistical Yearbook from 2011 to 2020 in China

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Abstract

Background

Due to environmental pollution, changes in lifestyle, and advancements in diagnostic technology, the prevalence of asthma has been increasing over the years. Although China has made early efforts in asthma epidemiology and prevention, there is still a lack of unified and comprehensive epidemiological research within the country. The objective of the study is to determine the nationwide prevalence distribution of asthma using the Baidu Index and China's Health Statistical Yearbook.

Methods

Based on China's Health Statistical Yearbook, we analyzed the gender and age distribution of asthma in China from 2011 to 2020, as well as the length of hospitalization and associated costs. By utilizing the Baidu Index and setting the covering all 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China, we obtained the Baidu Index for the keyword 'asthma'. Heatmaps and growth ratios described the prevalence and growth of asthma in mainland China.

Results

The average expenditure for discharged asthma (standard deviation) patients was ¥5,870 (808). The average length of stay (standard deviation) was 7.9 (0.38) days. During the period of 2011 to 2020, hospitalization expenses for asthma increased while the length of hospital stay decreased. The proportion of discharged patients who were children under the age of 5 were 25.3% (2011), 19.4% (2012), 16% (2013), 17.9% (2014), 13.9% (2015), 11.3% (2016), 10.2% (2017), 9.4% (2018), 8.1% (2019), and 7.2% (2020), respectively. The prevalence of asthma among boys was higher than girls before the age of 14. In contrast, the proportion of women with asthma was larger than men after the age of 14. During the period from 2011 to 2020, the median [The first quartile (Q1)-the third quartile (Q3)] daily asthma Baidu index in Guangdong, Beijing, Jiangsu, Sichuan, and Zhejiang were 419 (279–476), 328 (258–376), 315 (227–365), 272 (166–313), and 312 (233–362) respectively. Coastal regions showed higher levels of attention toward asthma, indicating a higher incidence rate. Since 2014, there has been a rapid increase in the level of attention toward asthma, with the provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, and Guangdong experiencing the fastest growth.

Conclusion

There are regional variations in the prevalence of asthma among different provinces in China, and the overall prevalence of asthma is increasing.

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Most cited references 41

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Prevalence, risk factors, and management of asthma in China: a national cross-sectional study

Kewu Huang, Ting Yang, Jianying Xu … (2019)

Asthma is a common chronic airway disease worldwide. Despite its large population size, China has had no comprehensive study of the national prevalence, risk factors, and management of asthma. We therefore aimed to estimate the national prevalence of asthma in a representative sample of the Chinese population.

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It's all about sex: gender, lung development and lung disease.

Michelle A Carey, Jeffrey W Card, James W Voltz … (2007)

Accumulating evidence suggests that gender affects the incidence, susceptibility and severity of several lung diseases. Gender also influences lung development and physiology. Data from both human and animal studies indicate that sex hormones might contribute to disease pathogenesis or serve as protective factors, depending on the disease involved. In this review, the influence of gender and sex hormones on lung development and pathology will be discussed, with specific emphasis on pulmonary fibrosis, asthma and cancer.

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Environmental exposures and mechanisms in allergy and asthma development

Liza Bronner Murrison, Eric Brandt, Jocelyn Myers … (2019)

Environmental exposures interplay with human host factors to promote the development and progression of allergic diseases. The worldwide prevalence of allergic disease is rising as a result of complex gene-environment interactions that shape the immune system and host response. Research shows an association between the rise of allergic diseases and increasingly modern Westernized lifestyles, which are characterized by increased urbanization, time spent indoors, and antibiotic usage. These environmental changes result in increased exposure to air and traffic pollution, fungi, infectious agents, tobacco smoke, and other early-life and lifelong risk factors for the development and exacerbation of asthma and allergic diseases. It is increasingly recognized that the timing, load, and route of allergen exposure affect allergic disease phenotypes and development. Still, our ability to prevent allergic diseases is hindered by gaps in understanding of the underlying mechanisms and interaction of environmental, viral, and allergen exposures with immune pathways that impact disease development. This Review highlights epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence linking environmental exposures to the development and exacerbation of allergic airway responses.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Ping Wang: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1446299/overview

Cai Chen: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1144453/overview

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Public Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Public Health

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Public Health

Title: Frontiers in Public Health

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 2296-2565

Publication date (Electronic): 04 October 2023

Publication date Collection: 2023

Volume: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: 1221852

Affiliations

[1] ¹First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan, China

[2] ²Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine , Jinan, China

[3] ³College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan, China

[4] ⁴Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jinan, China

[5] ⁵School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan, China

Author notes

Edited by: Shujuan Yang, Sichuan University, China

Reviewed by: Mara Morelo Rocha Felix, Rio de Janeiro State Federal University, Brazil; Mohamed Ndongo Sangare, Université du Québec en Abitibi Témiscamingue, Canada

*Correspondence: Xingchen Wang sdlcwxc@ 123456163.com

Fengxia Wu wufengxia@ 123456sdu.edu.cn

Cai Chen cai.chen@ 123456sdiat.ac.cn

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1221852

PMC ID: 10586501

PubMed ID: 37869190

SO-VID: d15b6120-715f-4472-86d1-cbf21a19dacd

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 13 May 2023

Date accepted : 04 September 2023

Page count

Figures: 9, Tables: 3, Equations: 1, References: 42, Pages: 13, Words: 6595

Funding

This study was funded by the Special fund for Local Science and Technology Development guided by the Central Government (YDZX2021117), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2021QH290 and ZR2020QF024), and the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province (2021SFGC1205 and 2023CXPT039).

Custom metadata

section-at-acceptance Environmental health and Exposome

Keywords: asthma,prevalence,baidu index,gender,age

Data availability:

Keywords: asthma, prevalence, baidu index, gender, age

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Asthma prevalence based on the Baidu index and China's Health Statistical Yearbook from 2011 to 2020 in China

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Abstract

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Results

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SDG 5: Gender Equality

Most cited references 41

Prevalence, risk factors, and management of asthma in China: a national cross-sectional study

It's all about sex: gender, lung development and lung disease.

Environmental exposures and mechanisms in allergy and asthma development

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