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Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis occurs between obligate biotrophic fungi of the
phylum Glomeromycota and most land plants. The exchange of nutrients between host
plants and AM fungi (AMF) is presumed to be the main benefit for the two symbiotic
partners. In this review article, we outline the current concepts of nutrient exchanges
within this symbiosis (mechanisms and regulation). First, we focus on phosphorus and
nitrogen transfer from the fungal partner to the host plant, and on the reciprocal
transfer of carbon compounds, with a highlight on a possible interplay between nitrogen
and phosphorus nutrition during AM symbiosis. We further discuss potential mechanisms
of regulation of these nutrient exchanges linked to membrane dynamics. The review
finally addresses the common mycorrhizal networks formed AMF, which interconnect plants
from similar and/or different species. Finally the best way to integrate this knowledge
and the ensuing potential benefits of AM into sustainable agriculture is discussed.