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      Short Communication: Apoptotic Membrane Microparticles Quantified by Fluorescent Bead-Based Assay Are Elevated in HIV and SIV Infections

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          Abstract

          Apoptotic membrane microparticles (MMPs) derived from dying cells of multiple cell origins are highly immunostimulatory and are indicative of global immune activation and cell death in a variety of diseases. In this study, we developed a flow cytometric bead assay to quantify annexin-V + apoptotic (MMPs) in plasma from humans and rhesus macaques. With a combination of flow cytometry and pan-fluorescent beads, MMPs were enumerated in plasma specimens by adding a constant ratio of beads to initial fluid volumes and then calculating MMP/mL based on MMP-to-bead ratios. Using this straightforward assay, we found that circulating MMP quantifications were highly reproducible and similar in number between normal rhesus macaques and humans subjects. However, MMPs increased two- to threefold during HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections and were positively associated with T cell immune activation. Collectively, we present a rapid bead-based assay for both humans and macaque models to quantify MMPs that could be an instigator and predictor of immune activation, which is a primary source of HIV/SIV disease.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
          AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses
          aid
          AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
          Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. (140 Huguenot Street, 3rd FloorNew Rochelle, NY 10801USA )
          0889-2229
          1931-8405
          01 May 2018
          01 May 2018
          : 34
          : 5
          : 446-448
          Affiliations
          [ 1 ]Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center , Harvard Medical School, Southborough, Massachusetts.
          [ 2 ]Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
          [ 3 ]Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
          [ 4 ] Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
          Author notes
          Address correspondence to: R. Keith Reeves, Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS 1037, Boston, MA 02215, E-mail: rreeves@ 123456bidmc.harvard.edu
          Article
          PMC5934972 PMC5934972 5934972 10.1089/aid.2018.0011
          10.1089/aid.2018.0011
          5934972
          29486582
          d0b6add5-1291-45a4-ba3f-b87f0375ec42
          Copyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
          History
          Page count
          Figures: 1, References: 10, Pages: 3
          Categories
          Pathogenesis

          membrane microparticles,HIV,fluorescent beads,SIV,exosomes
          membrane microparticles, HIV, fluorescent beads, SIV, exosomes

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