For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
3
views
78
references
 Top references
cited by
0
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      58
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Challenges and Counteracting Strategies Including Optimum Health Service Practices for Frontline Nurses During the Mpox Outbreak and Futuristic Vision

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Introduction

          Monkeypox (mpox) is an evolving infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). On July 23, 2022, the WHO declared the recent mpox outbreaks a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), which terminated on May 11, 2023. As of July 11, 2023, 88,288 confirmed cases and 149 deaths have been reported from 112 countries and territories. Currently, mpox is not a PHEIC, as the outbreak and its impacts are nearly over. Nurses played significant roles during the mpox 2022 outbreak as frontline workers.

          Purpose

          In light of the impending mpox global outbreak in 2022, this brief report provides an update on the enormous difficulties faced by frontline nurses while playing a crucial role in handling the mpox outbreak and some potential solutions to these difficulties. The methodological framework employed in this narrative brief report involves conducting a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of relevant literature and hypothetical scenarios. The aim is to put forth practical strategies that can effectively tackle the difficulties encountered by frontline nurses in the context of the mpox outbreak. Additionally, the report seeks to envision a healthcare system that is more resilient in the face of future challenges.

          Conclusion

          It is important to understand the challenges the nurses face from their perspective. As frontline health care workers, the various health issues of nurses and their concerns must be taken care of appropriately by adopting optimum health service practices, adequate safety measures, recommended precautionary measures, and boosting them mentally while handling mpox patients. Counseling and the arrangement of workshops are required. Appropriate care should be taken to address the various health issues concerning nurses by adopting health service practices at optimum levels. Side by side, recommended safety and precautionary measures should be followed.

          Related collections

          Most cited references78

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries — April–June 2022

          John P. Thornhill, Sapha Barkati, Sharon Walmsley … (2022)
          Before April 2022, monkeypox virus infection in humans was seldom reported outside African regions where it is endemic. Currently, cases are occurring worldwide. Transmission, risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes of infection are poorly defined.
          Article 0 comments Cited 677 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK

            Hugh Adler, Susan Gould, Paul Hine … (2022)
            Background Cases of human monkeypox are rarely seen outside of west and central Africa. There are few data regarding viral kinetics or the duration of viral shedding and no licensed treatments. Two oral drugs, brincidofovir and tecovirimat, have been approved for treatment of smallpox and have demonstrated efficacy against monkeypox in animals. Our aim was to describe the longitudinal clinical course of monkeypox in a high-income setting, coupled with viral dynamics, and any adverse events related to novel antiviral therapies. Methods In this retrospective observational study, we report the clinical features, longitudinal virological findings, and response to off-label antivirals in seven patients with monkeypox who were diagnosed in the UK between 2018 and 2021, identified through retrospective case-note review. This study included all patients who were managed in dedicated high consequence infectious diseases (HCID) centres in Liverpool, London, and Newcastle, coordinated via a national HCID network. Findings We reviewed all cases since the inception of the HCID (airborne) network between Aug 15, 2018, and Sept 10, 2021, identifying seven patients. Of the seven patients, four were men and three were women. Three acquired monkeypox in the UK: one patient was a health-care worker who acquired the virus nosocomially, and one patient who acquired the virus abroad transmitted it to an adult and child within their household cluster. Notable disease features included viraemia, prolonged monkeypox virus DNA detection in upper respiratory tract swabs, reactive low mood, and one patient had a monkeypox virus PCR-positive deep tissue abscess. Five patients spent more than 3 weeks (range 22–39 days) in isolation due to prolonged PCR positivity. Three patients were treated with brincidofovir (200 mg once a week orally), all of whom developed elevated liver enzymes resulting in cessation of therapy. One patient was treated with tecovirimat (600 mg twice daily for 2 weeks orally), experienced no adverse effects, and had a shorter duration of viral shedding and illness (10 days hospitalisation) compared with the other six patients. One patient experienced a mild relapse 6 weeks after hospital discharge. Interpretation Human monkeypox poses unique challenges, even to well resourced health-care systems with HCID networks. Prolonged upper respiratory tract viral DNA shedding after skin lesion resolution challenged current infection prevention and control guidance. There is an urgent need for prospective studies of antivirals for this disease. Funding None.
            Article 0 comments Cited 467 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found

              Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain: a prospective observational cohort study

              Eloy Tarin-Vicente, Andrea Alemany, Manuel Agud-Dios … (2022)
              Background In May, 2022, several European countries reported autochthonous cases of monkeypox, which rapidly spread globally. Early reports suggest atypical presentations. We aimed to investigate clinical and virological characteristics of cases of human monkeypox in Spain. Methods This multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study was done in three sexual health clinics in Madrid and Barcelona, Spain. We enrolled all consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed monkeypox from May 11 to June 29, 2022. Participants were offered lesion, anal, and oropharynx swabs for PCR testing. Participant data were collected by means of interviews conducted by dermatologists or specialists in sexually transmitted infections and were recorded using a standard case report form. Outcomes assessed in all participants with a confirmed diagnosis were demographics, smallpox vaccination, HIV status, exposure to someone with monkeypox, travel, mass gathering attendance, risk factors for sexually transmitted infections, sexual behaviour, signs and symptoms on first presentation, virological results at multiple body sites, co-infection with other sexually transmitted pathogens, and clinical outcomes 14 days after the initial presentation. Clinical outcomes were followed up until July 13, 2022. Findings 181 patients had a confirmed monkeypox diagnosis and were enrolled in the study. 166 (92%) identified as gay men, bisexual men, or other men who have sex with men (MSM) and 15 (8%) identified as heterosexual men or heterosexual women. Median age was 37·0 years (IQR 31·0–42·0). 32 (18%) patients reported previous smallpox vaccination, 72 (40%) were HIV-positive, eight (11%) had a CD4 cell count less than 500 cells per μL, and 31 (17%) were diagnosed with a concurrent sexually transmitted infection. Median incubation was 7·0 days (IQR 5·0–10·0). All participants presented with skin lesions; 141 (78%) participants had lesions in the anogenital region, and 78 (43%) in the oral and perioral region. 70 (39%) participants had complications requiring treatment: 45 (25%) had a proctitis, 19 (10%) had tonsillitis, 15 (8%) had penile oedema, six (3%) an abscess, and eight (4%) had an exanthem. Three (2%) patients required hospital admission. 178 (99%) of 180 swabs from skin lesions collected tested positive, as did 82 (70%) of 117 throat swabs. Viral load was higher in lesion swabs than in pharyngeal specimens (mean cycle threshold value 23 [SD 4] vs 32 [6], absolute difference 9 [95% CI 8–10]; p<0·0001). 108 (65%) of 166 MSM reported anal-receptive sex. MSM who engaged in anal-receptive sex presented with proctitis (41 [38%] of 108 vs four [7%] of 58, absolute difference 31% [95% CI 19–44]; p<0·0001) and systemic symptoms before the rash (67 [62%] vs 16 [28%], absolute difference 34% [28–62]; p<0·0001) more frequently than MSM who did not engage in anal-receptive sex. 18 (95%) of 19 participants with tonsillitis reported practising oral-receptive sex. The median time from onset of lesions to formation of a dry crust was 10 days (IQR 7–13). Interpretation In our cohort, monkeypox caused genital, perianal, and oral lesions and complications including proctitis and tonsillitis. Because of the variability of presentations, clinicians should have a low threshold for suspicion of monkeypox. Lesion swabs showed the highest viral loads, which, combined with the history of sexual exposure and the distribution of lesions, suggests close contact is probably the dominant transmission route in the current outbreak. Funding None.
              Article 0 comments Cited 236 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): SAGE Open Nurs
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): SAGE Open Nurs
                Journal ID (publisher-id): SON
                Journal ID (hwp): spson
                Title: SAGE Open Nursing
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2377-9608
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 May 2024
                Publication date Collection: Jan-Dec 2024
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 23779608241256209
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Nursing, Ringgold 394463, universityUniversity of Raparin; , Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
                [2 ]Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health-Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
                [3 ]RAK College of Nursing, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khiamah, UAE
                [4 ](Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, Palakkad, Kerala, India
                [5 ]Department of Medicine, Ringgold 123683, universityRawalpindi Medical University; , Rawalpindi, Pakistan
                [6 ]State Disease Investigation Laboratory, ARDD, Abhoynagar, Agartala, West Tripura, India
                [7 ]Department of Pharmacy, Ringgold 421825, universityBGC Trust University Bangladesh; , Chittagong, Bangladesh
                [8 ]Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ringgold 130058, universityDaffodil International University; , Dhaka, Bangladesh
                [9 ]School of Pharmacy, Ringgold 118864, universityBRAC University; , Dhaka, Bangladesh
                [10 ]Division of Pathology, Ringgold 30072, universityICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI); , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
                Author notes
                [*]Sirwan Khalid Ahmed, College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46012, Iraq; Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health-Raparin, Hajiawa, Sardam Street 109, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, 46012, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Email: sirwan.k.ahmed@ 123456gmail.com , sirwan.k.ahmed@ 123456uor.edu.krd
                [*]Md. Rabiul Islam, School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Kha 224 Bir Uttam Rafiqul Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Email: robi.ayaan@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8361-0546
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-5073
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-3350
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-3144
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_23779608241256209
                DOI: 10.1177/23779608241256209
                PMC ID: 11113054
                PubMed ID: 38784647
                SO-VID: d07c96f8-3cc5-4f05-b099-392f19537b74
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2024
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 29 July 2023
                Date revision received : 28 March 2024
                Date accepted : 4 May 2024
                Categories
                Subject: Brief Report
                Custom metadata
                typesetter ts19
                cover-date January-December 2024

                Keywords: monkeypox,mpox,nurse,healthcare workers,health,risk factors,challenges,infection control,prevention,vaccination
                Data availability:
                Keywords: monkeypox, mpox, nurse, healthcare workers, health, risk factors, challenges, infection control, prevention, vaccination

                Comments

                Comment on this article