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      Atribución de la responsabilidad y voto económico. El caso de España

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Hasta la aparición de los primeros estudios centrados en la hipótesis de la claridad, la teoría del voto económico asumía implícitamente que el gobierno es responsable de la situación económica del país. A diferencia de los trabajos basados en la hipótesis de la claridad en la responsabilidad, en este artículo suponemos que los electores racionales tienen incertidumbre al momento de responsabilizar al Ejecutivo y son neutrales ante el riesgo. A partir de ahí, definimos una función de utilidad con dos argumentos: la valoración sociotrópica prospectiva y la distancia ideológica entre el votante y las diferentes opciones políticas entre las que puede elegir. De este modo, la decisión de voto económico consta de dos etapas: por una parte, el elector atribuye subjetivamente la responsabilidad al gobierno, y por otra, decide su opción de voto en función de la valoración sociotrópica prospectiva y la distancia ideológica. De los contrastes y estimaciones realizados en este estudio se extraen tres grandes conclusiones: i) que no se puede seguir asumiendo que la atribución de la responsabilidad es un supuesto implícito al voto económico; ii) existe una probabilidad subjetiva de que el elector responsabilice al Ejecutivo de la situación económica del país, que afecta su decisión individual y también condiciona el efecto de los factores explicativos del comportamiento electoral, y iii) que la ideología es un argumento de la función de utilidad, que no podemos obviar tal y como tradicionalmente ha hecho la teoría del voto económico.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Until the appearance of the first wave of studies focusing on the hypothesis of the clarity of responsibility, the theory of economic voting implicitly assumed that the government is held responsible for the economic conditions of the country. Departing from previous studies based upon the hypothesis of the clarity of responsibility, in this article we suppose that rational voters have uncertainty at the time of making the government responsible and they are risk-neutral. Then we build a utility function with two arguments: the sociotropic prospective evaluation of economy and the ideological distance between the voter and the competing political options, among which the voter has to choose. This way, the economic voting decision takes place in two stages: On the one hand, the voter subjectively as signs the responsibility to the government. On the ot her hand, she decides her voting option as a function of her sociotropic prospective evaluation and her ideological distance. We derive tree main findings from our model estimates and hypothesis testing: (1) it could not be taken for granted the implicit assumption of responsibility at tribution in economic voting, (2) there is a subjective probability that the voter makes the government responsible for the economic conditions of the country, which in turn affects her individual voting decision, and it also has an impact over the relative effect of factors that explain electoral behavior, and (3) ideology is an argument of the utility function that we can not deny, as the theory of economic voting has typically done.

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          Most cited references56

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          Tests of Equality Between Sets of Coefficients in Two Linear Regressions

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            Peasants or Bankers? The American Electorate and the U.S. Economy.

            The usual model of electoral reaction to economic conditions assumes the “retrospective” economic voter who bases expectations solely on recent economic performance or personal economic experience (voter as “peasant”). A second model assumes a “sophisticated” economic voter who incorporates new information about the future into personal economic expectations (voter as “banker”). Using the components, both retrospective and prospective, of the Index of Consumer Sentiment (ICS) as intervening variables between economic conditions and approval, we find that the prospective component fully accounts for the presidential approval time series. With aggregate consumer expectations about long-term business conditions in the approval equation, neither the usual economic indicators not the other ICS components matter. Moreover, short-term changes in consumer expectations respond more to current forecasts than to the current economy. The qualitative result is a rational expectations outcome: the electorate anticipates the economic future and rewards or punishes the president for economic events before they happen.
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              Estimating Regression Models with Multiplicative Heteroscedasticity

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ete
                El trimestre económico
                El trimestre econ
                Fondo de Cultura Económica (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0041-3011
                2448-718X
                June 2007
                : 74
                : 294
                : 379-413
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de Indiana orgdiv1Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis
                [2] Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Instituto de Desarrollo Regional Spain
                Article
                S2448-718X2007000200379 S2448-718X(07)07429400379
                d05fc6e3-f96e-4cb6-9505-7b1807957d58

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 June 2006
                : 24 October 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 35
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                voto,función de utilidad,economía,elector,gobierno,responsabilidad,teoría de la decisión

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