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Abstract
<p class="first" id="P1">Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are utilized in many applications
due to their unique
physicochemical properties. The increasing use of ENMs in consumer products raises
concerns of potential adverse effects in humans and the environment. A common outcome
of exposure (intentional, environmental or occupational) to ENMs is altered immune
responses including inflammation, hypersensitivity, and immunosuppression. ENMs have
been shown to interact with the immune system through key effector cells (i.e. mast
cells and antigen presenting cells) or via complement activation leading to consequences
to both innate and adaptive immunity. Further, upon introduction into a biological
system, ENMs are rapidly coated with proteins, lipids and other macromolecules forming
a biocorona which impacts immune cell and complement responses. In this current opinion,
we highlight key studies and challenges in understanding cellular mechanisms of ENM-mediated
immunomodulation and toxicity.
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