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      Herbicidal Activity of Peumus boldus and Drimys winterii Essential Oils from Chile

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          Abstract

          The essential oil composition of Peumus boldus and Drimys winterii was analyzed by means of capillary GC-FID and GC-MS. More than 96% of the total oil components (43 and 54 compounds, respectively) were identified, with ascaridole (51.17 ± 9.51), p-cymene (16.31 ± 2.52) and 1,8-cineole (14.45 ± 2.99) as the main compounds in P. boldus and γ-eudesmol (21.65 ± 0.41), followed of elemol (12.03 ± 0.34) and terpinen-4-ol (11.56 ± 1.06) in D. winterii. The herbicidal activity was tested against Amaranthus hybridus and Portulaca oleracea. P. boldus essential oil was the most phytotoxic against both weeds, inhibiting seed germination and seedling growth at all concentrations assayed (0.125–1 µL/mL). D. winterii essential oil did not show any effect on A. hybridus germination and only affected P. oleracea germination at the highest concentration. The results suggest the possible use of the essential oil from P. boldus as a natural herbicide.

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          Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals

          James Vyvyan (2002)
          Article 0 comments Cited 81 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Effects of monoterpenoids, acting alone or in pairs, on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth.

            Despina Vokou, Panagiota Douvli, George J Blionis … (2003)
            We compared the potential allelopathic activity of 47 monoterpenoids of different chemical groups, by estimating their effect on seed germination and subsequent growth of Lactuca sativa seedlings. Apart from individual compounds, eleven pairs at different proportions were also tested. As a group, the hydrocarbons, except for (+)-3-carene, were the least inhibitory. Of the oxygenated compounds, the least inhibitory were the acetates; whenever the free hydroxyl group of an alcohol turned into a carboxyl group, the activity of the resulting ester was markedly lower (against both germination and seedling growth). Twenty-four compounds were extremely active against seedling growth (inhibiting it by more than 85%), but only five against seed germination. The compounds that were most active against both processes belonged to the groups of ketones and alcohols; they were terpinen-4-ol, dihydrocarvone, and two carvone stereoisomers. We used a model to investigate whether compounds acted independently when applied in pairs. The combined effect varied. In half of the cases, it followed the pattern expected under the assumption of independence; in the rest, either synergistic or antagonistic interactions were found in both germination and elongation. However, even in cases of synergistic interactions, the level of inhibition was not comparable to that of a single extremely active compound, unless such a compound already participated in the combination. The specific structural factors that operate and determine the activity of monoterpenoids still remain rather obscure. The same holds true for the combined effect; its character cannot in general be predicted on the basis of individual compounds acting alone.
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              Phytotoxic Activities of Mediterranean Essential Oils

              Luiz de Almeida, Fernando Frei, Emilia Mancini … (2010)
              Twelve essential oils from Mediterranean aromatic plants were tested for their phytotoxic activity, at different doses, against the germination and the initial radicle growth of seeds of Raphanus sativus, Lactuca sativa and Lepidium sativum. The essential oils were obtained from Hyssopus officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Majorana hortensis, Melissa officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum vulgare, Salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae), Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae), Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare and Carum carvi (Apiaceae). The germination and radicle growth of tested seeds were affected in different ways by the oils. Thyme, balm, vervain and caraway essential oils were more active against both germination and radicle elongation.
              Article 0 comments Cited 39 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 January 2011
                Publication date Collection: January 2011
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 403-411
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, C.P. 46022 Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: merversa@ 123456doctor.upv.es (M.V.); davidgr82@ 123456hotmail.com (D.G.-R.); hboira@ 123456eaf.upv.es (H.B.)
                [2 ]Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, CREAS, Blanco 1623 Of.1402, Valparaíso, Chile; E-Mails: eduardoperez@ 123456creas.cl (E.P.); gandolfosandra@ 123456gmx.de (S.G.)
                [3 ]Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Avda Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, C.P. 46100 Burjassot, Spain
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: amparo.blazquez@ 123456uv.es ; Tel.: + 34 96 354 49 45; Fax: + 34 96 354 49 43.
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-16-00403
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010403
                PMC ID: 6259423
                PubMed ID: 21221059
                SO-VID: d0461a32-5e03-406a-bec7-ca8eeb792bf4
                Copyright © © 2011 by the authors;
                License:

                licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 29 November 2010
                Date revision received : 17 December 2010
                Date accepted : 07 January 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: essential oils,phytotoxicity,germination,seedling growth,monoterpenes
                Data availability:
                Keywords: essential oils, phytotoxicity, germination, seedling growth, monoterpenes

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