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      Diferencias en el perfil enzimático muscular y respuesta metabólica a la lidia en toros de uno a tres años de edad Translated title: Differences in muscle enzyme profile and metabolic response to fighting in bulls from one to three years old

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          Abstract

          La respuesta metabólica al ejercicio depende parcialmente del perfil enzimático muscular y ambos factores pueden verse modificados por la edad. Los objetivos de esta investigación son: 1) Analizar las diferencias en las características musculares de toros de lidia de diferente edad y 2) Valorar si el perfil enzimático muscular se modifica con la edad de forma similar a la descrita en otras razas bovinas. Se extrajeron biopsias inmediatamente tras la lidia -de los músculos glúteo medio y semitendinoso-, a profundidades de 3 y 5 cm, en un total de 24 toros bravos, distribuidos en tres grupos de edad: A (1 año; n=6), B (2 años; n=6) y C (3 años; n=12). Se determinaron las concentraciones de glucógeno, lactato, adenosina trifosfato y glucosa-6-P. Además, se cuantificaron las actividades de las enzimas citrato cintasa, 3-OH-acil-deshidrogenasa, glucógeno fosforilasa, lactato deshidrogenasa y hexokinasa. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos músculos ni tampoco entre las dos profundidades de extracción de biopsia. El grupo A mostró una menor acumulación muscular de lactato, con correlaciones positivas entre las enzimas oxidativas y glucolíticas, sugiriendo un equilibrio entre ambas vías energéticas. El grupo B fue el más oxidativo, mientras que el grupo C fue el más glucolítico. Por tanto, el potencial oxidativo del músculo locomotor del toro de lidia alcanza su máximo a los 2 años, mientras que la capacidad glucolítica se incrementa progresivamente con la edad. Estos resultados difieren de los presentados en bovinos de carne, en los que existe una reducción del potencial oxidativo desde el momento del nacimiento. En conclusión, la edad influencia la respuesta metabólica a la lidia y el perfil enzimático muscular en toros bravos.

          Translated abstract

          The metabolic response to exercise is partially linked to muscle enzyme profile, and both factors might be influenced by ageing. This research aims: 1) To analyze the differences in muscle characteristics of fighting bulls of different ages; and 2) To assess whether the muscle enzyme profile is affected by ageing in the same way it affects other bovine breeds. Muscle biopsies from gluteus medius and semitendinosus muscles were withdrawn immediately after bullfighting, at depths of 3 and 5 cm, from a total of 24 animals, belonging to three age groups: A (1-year-olds; n=6), B (2-year-olds; n=6) and C (3-year-olds; n=12). Muscle concentrations of glycogen, lactate, adenosin triphosphate and glucose-6-P were determined. In addition, activities of citrate synthase, 3-OH-acyl-dehydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase, lactate dehydrogenase and hexokinase were measured. No significant differences were found between the two analyzed muscles and neither between depths for any of the muscle parameters. Group A showed lower muscle lactate accumulation, with positive correlations between oxidative and glycolytic enzymes, reflecting a balance between both metabolic pathways. Group B was the most oxidative, whereas group C was the most glycolytic. Therefore, muscle oxidative potential achieved its maximum at 2 years of age, whereas the glycolytic capacity increased progressively with ageing. These results are different from those showed by other bovine breeds, with a progressive reduction in oxidative potential from birth. In conclusion, age significantly influences metabolic response to fighting as well as muscle enzyme profile in bulls.

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          Metabolic and Hormonal Responses to Exercise in Children and Adolescents

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            Growth- and breed-related changes of muscle fiber characteristics in cattle.

            The objective of this study was to investigate the growth- and breed-related changes of muscle fiber characteristics in cattle and their importance to meat quality. Four cattle breeds with different growth impetus and muscularity were reared and slaughtered under experimental conditions. German Angus as a beef type, Galloway as a hardy type, Holstein Friesian as a dairy type, and double-muscled Belgian Blue as an extreme type for muscle growth were used. Between 5 and 17 bulls of each breed were slaughtered at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo of age. Muscle fiber traits were determined and classified by computerized image analysis, and several measures of meat quality were also determined, including shear force value, meat color, and i.m. fat content. The postnatal growth of semitendinosus muscle in cattle was characterized by a nearly 10-fold increase of muscle fiber area from birth to 24 mo of age. In the first few months after birth, a transformation of type IIA fibers into IIB fibers was found, whereas type I fibers were nearly unaffected by age. The apparent total muscle fiber number of semitendinosus muscle did not increase during postnatal life. These results confirm that the fiber number is determined in embryonic development. Throughout the study, the double-muscled Belgian Blue (BBDM) bulls had almost twice the fiber number of the other breeds, emphasizing a more extensive hyperplasia of muscle fibers during embryonic development in BBDM compared with the other three breeds. The apparent number of type I fibers was, however, not affected by breed, which suggests that the additional fibers found in BBDM postnatally were type IIB and IIA fibers. We did not find significant differences in muscle fiber total number, muscle fiber type frequencies, or meat quality characteristics among breeds, with the exception of BBDM. Having pooled the four breeds, paler meat was related to a higher frequency of type IIB fibers, a lower area of type IIA and type I fiber, and a higher total muscle fiber number. These findings based on data of double muscling give us some hints for biological causes for the variation of meat quality. Further investigation, in particular within each breed, is necessary to identify the superior fiber traits for bovine meat production.
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              Muscle fibre ontogenesis in farm animal species

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                amv
                Archivos de medicina veterinaria
                Arch. med. vet.
                Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile (Valdivia, , Chile )
                0301-732X
                2007
                : 39
                : 1
                : 35-41
                Affiliations
                [01] Valencia orgnameUniversidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU orgdiv1Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal España amjuzado@ 123456uch.ceu.es
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba orgdiv1Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología España
                Article
                S0301-732X2007000100005 S0301-732X(07)03900105
                10.4067/S0301-732X2007000100005
                cfe3f854-a953-4838-a213-72da6dbb362a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICULOS ORIGINALES

                ejercicio,bovine,exercise,muscle,metabolism,bovinos,metabolismo,músculo

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