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      Manobras para o tratamento da vertigem posicional paroxística benigna: revisão sistemática da literatura Translated title: Maneuvers for the treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          A Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna (VPPB) é uma das mais freqüentes patologias do sistema vestibular e é caracterizada por episódios de vertigens recorrentes desencadeados por movimentos da cabeça ou mudanças posturais. Há várias opções para o seu tratamento, porém as efetividades terapêuticas das mesmas permanecem controversas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade terapêutica das manobras específicas disponíveis para o tratamento da VPPB. METODOLOGIA: Realizou-se uma busca eletrônica nas principais bases de dados, selecionando-se estudos clínicos randomizados envolvendo adultos com diagnóstico de VPPB confirmado com o teste de Dix-Hallpike e tratamento com manobras específicas (Epley ou Semont, por exemplo). Considerou-se como desfecho clínico a negativação do teste de Dix-Hallpike e a melhora das queixas subjetivas. Agruparam-se em metanálise os estudos com Escala de Jadad igual ou superior a três. RESULTADOS: Cinco estudos clínicos preencheram os critérios de inclusão, ou seja, ensaios randomizados de fase I comparando a manobra de Epley com placebos e controles. A metanálise mostra evidência dos efeitos benéficos da manobra de Epley para o tratamento do canal semicircular posterior (magnitude do efeito de 0,11 [IC 95% 0.05, 0.26] de melhora objetiva (Dix-Halpike) após uma semana, 0.24 [IC 95% 0.13, 0.45] após um mês e 0.16 [IC 95% 0.08, 0.33] de melhora referida pelos pacientes após a primeira semana). CONCLUSÃO: Evidencia-se boa eficácia clínica da manobra de Epley para o tratamento da VPPB do canal semicircular posterior. Contrariamente, trabalhos com a manobra de Semont e as propostas de manejo dos demais canais semicirculares não obtiveram qualidade metodológica satisfatória, não sendo possível demonstrar a efetividade dos mesmos.

          Translated abstract

          Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most frequent diseases of the vestibular system and it is characterized by episodes of recurrent vertigo triggered by head movements or position changes. There are several approaches for treatment, but efficacy is still being discussed. AIM: To asses the effectiveness of the specific maneuvers available to the treatment of BPPV. METHODOLOGY: An electronic search at the main databases, including MEDLINE, LILACS, PEDro, Cochrane Collaborations Database was performed, and we selected only randomized clinical trials studying adults with diagnosis of BPPV confirmed by the Dix-Hallpike test. The trials should have included physical maneuvers such as Epley and Semont. The main outcome was Dix-Hallpike negative test and the changes to subjective complaints. The trials were assessed using Jadad’s scale and only studies with quality scores equal or above 3 were pooled on a meta-analyses to assess their effectiveness. RESULTS: We found five controlled clinical trials phase I comparing the Epley’s maneuver with controls or placebo. The meta-analysis showed positive evidence of Epley’s maneuver to the posterior semicircular canal (effect size = 0.11 [CI 95% 0.05, 0.26] of objective improvement [Dix-Halpike] within one week, 0.24 [CI 95% 0.13, 0.45] within one month and 0.16 [CI 95% 0.08, 0.33] of improvement reported by the patients within one week. There are no studies about the efficacy of Semont’s maneuver. CONCLUSION: There is scientific evidence showing good efficacy of Epley’s maneuver in the treatment.

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          Systematic Reviews: Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews

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            Quality of reporting of randomized trials as a measure of methodologic quality.

            The evaluation of the methodologic quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is central to evidence-based health care. Important methodologic detail may, however, be omitted from published reports, and the quality of reporting is therefore often used as a proxy measure for methodologic quality. We examined the relationship between reporting quality and methodologic quality of published RCTs. Study of 60 reports of placebo-controlled trials published in English-language journals from 1985 to 1997. Reporting quality was measured using a 25-item scale based on the 1996 issue of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Concealment of allocation, appropriate blinding, and analysis according to the intention-to-treat principle were indicators of methodologic quality. Methodologic quality was compared between groups of trials defined by reporting quality scores of low, intermediate, and high. Reporting quality scores were compared between groups defined by high and low methodologic quality. Among 23 trials of low reporting quality (median score, 9 [range, 3.5-10.5]), allocation concealment was unclear for all but 1 trial, but there were 16 trials (70%) with adequate blinding and 9 trials (39%) that had been analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Among 18 trials of high reporting quality (median score, 18 [range 16.5-22.0]), there were 8 trials (44%) with adequate allocation concealment, 16 trials (89%) with adequate blinding, and 13 trials (72%) analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. The median reporting score was 15.0 for the 33 trials that were analyzed according to intention-to-treat principle and 14.5 for the 14 trials with on-treatment analyses (P =.67). Similar quality of reporting may hide important differences in methodologic quality, and well-conducted trials may be reported badly. A clear distinction should be made between these 2 dimensions of the quality of RCTs.
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              Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

              Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is a common disorder of the inner ear that should be suspected in all patients with a history of positionally provoked vertigo. The condition appears to be caused by free-floating debris in the posterior semicircular canal. The diagnosis is confirmed by eliciting characteristic symptoms and signs during the Dix-Hallpike test. Although benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is usually a self-limited disorder, treatment with a specific bedside maneuver is effective and can provide the patient immediate and long-lasting relief. Although many patients with positionally provoked vertigo have typical benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, physicians should be aware of nonbenign variants.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rboto
                Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia
                Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol.
                ABORL-CCF Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0034-7299
                February 2006
                : 72
                : 1
                : 130-139
                Affiliations
                [05] Ribeirão Preto orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo
                [01] Itajaí SC orgnameUniversidade do Vale do Itajaí
                [06] Blumenau SC orgnameUniversidade Regional de Blumenau
                [03] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná
                [02] Balneário Camboriú SC orgnamePrefeitura Municipal de Balneário Camboriú
                [04] orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina
                Article
                S0034-72992006000100021 S0034-7299(06)07200121
                10.1590/S0034-72992006000100021
                cf89268e-65bb-4aea-b4d7-4b9358c162d1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 May 2005
                : 20 May 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 63, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo de Revisão

                Meta-analysis,revisão sistemática,metanálise,fisioterapia,reabilitação,doenças vestibulares,vertigem,Literature Review,Physical Therapy,Rehabilitation,Vertigo,Vestibular Diseases

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