Wood-based biochar for the removal of potentially toxic elements in water and wastewater: a critical review

[1 ] Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt

[2 ] Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

[3 ] Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

[4 ] MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

[5 ] Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Research Institute, Agricultural Researcher Center, Giza, Egypt

[6 ] School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China

[7 ] Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China

[8 ] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China

[9 ] Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) and Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

[10 ] Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia

[11 ] Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia

[12 ] Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea