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      Cost-effectiveness of preemptive pharmacological management of undesired effects in third molar extraction Translated title: Custo-efetividade do manejo farmacológico preemptivo de efeitos indesejados na exodontia de terceiros molares

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The extraction of third molars can lead to undesired effects such as pain, trismus, and edema, necessitating preemptive therapy to alleviate these effects. For this purpose, an economic evaluation was conducted to analyze the cost-effectiveness of preemptive drugs used in the extraction of third molars. METHODS: Costs were obtained from a market survey. Effectiveness measures were limitation of interincisal distance and postoperative pain, obtained from randomized clinical trials in the literature. For both models, a Monte Carlo simulation generated a hypothetical cohort of a thousand individuals, considering a 5% variation in estimates. The evaluated therapies were dexamethasone 8 mg (DX8); methylprednisolone 40 mg (MP); diclofenac 50 mg associated with tramadol 50 mg (DCTR); and dexamethasone 4mg associated with tramadol 50 mg (DXTR). RESULTS: MP and DCTR therapies were dominated in all scenarios. For the reduction of postoperative pain, DXTR treatment showed the best cost-benefit, with a net monetary benefit (NMB) gain of 31.10% compared to the lowest-cost treatment (DX, R\(1.76). Considering the reduction in limitation of interincisal distance, DXTR medication presented higher cost-benefit compared to DX8 (NMB gain = 18.25%), being a preferred option alongside DX8. CONCLUSION: In the extraction of third molars, preemptive administration of dexamethasone 4mg associated with tramadol 50mg is the preferred cost-effective option to reduce postoperative pain and limitation of interincisal distance after 48 hours.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A exodontia de terceiros molares pode acarretar efeitos indesejados, como dor, trismo e edema, sendo necessário ofertar uma terapia preemptiva para amenizá-los. Para tal, realizou-se uma avaliação econômica para analisar o custo-efetividade de fármacos preemptivos utilizados na exodontia de terceiros molares. MÉTODOS: Os custos foram obtidos a partir de uma pesquisa de mercado. As medidas de efetividade foram: limitação da distância interincisal e dor pós-operatória, sendo obtidas em ensaios clínicos randomizados da literatura. Para os dois modelos, uma simulação de Monte Carlo gerou uma coorte hipotética de mil indivíduos, considerando uma variação de 5% das estimativas. As terapias avaliadas foram: dexametasona 8 mg (DX8); metilprednisolona 40 mg (MP); diclofenaco 50 mg associado a tramadol 50 mg (DCTR); e dexametasona 4 mg associada a tramadol 50 mg (DXTR). RESULTADOS: As terapias com MP e DCTR foram dominadas em todos os cenários. Para redução da dor pós-operatória, o tratamento com DXTR apresentou o melhor custo-benefício, com ganho de benefício monetário líquido (NMB) de 31,10% comparado ao tratamento de menor custo (DX, R\) 1,76). Considerando a redução da limitação da distância interincisal, o fármaco DXTR apresentou maior custo-benefício em relação à DX8 (ganho de NMB = 18,25%), sendo uma opção de escolha junto a DX8. CONCLUSÃO: Na exodontia de terceiros molares, a administração preemptiva de dexametasona 4 mg associada com tramadol 50 mg é a opção de escolha, do ponto de vista de custo-efetividade, para reduzir a dor pós-operatória e limitação da distância interincisal após 48 horas.

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          Do Corticosteroids Still Have a Role in the Management of Third Molar Surgery?

          Introduction The use of corticosteroids to reduce the post-operative sequelae of lower third molar surgery, namely pain, swelling and trismus, has been well studied by many researchers over the past 6 decades. This study reviewed the reported outcome of corticosteroids used in controlling the above sequalae after third molar surgery. Materials and Methods A PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and Google search was undertaken of all controlled clinical trials on the effects of corticosteroids on pain, swelling and trismus after lower third molar surgery. The review was limited to studies published over the last 10 years (2006–2015). Results Of the 46 initially retrieved articles, 34 were finally included. Eleven studies compared the effect of 2 similar (but different dose) or different group of corticosteroids. Thirty-one studies reported the effects of corticosteroids on all sequale, 2 reported the outcome on swelling and trismus and another 1 on swelling and pain only. In 16 of the studies, corticosteroid use resulted in significant reductions in pain after third molar removal. Twenty-two out of 29 studies reported reduced swelling against negative control while 18 out of 25 studies reported improved mouth opening. Fourteen studies reported the benefit of corticosteroids on all 3 sequelae, with 71.4% resulted from the use of methylprednisolone. Conclusion Although there are some conflicting effects, the results of this analysis shows in general the benefits derived from short-term use of corticosteroids in relation to pain, swelling and trismus following third molar surgical extraction, with no side effects observed. Funding This work was supported by the University of Malaya’s High Impact Research grant UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/05.
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            Third molar removal and its impact on quality of life: systematic review and meta-analysis

            The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the impact of third molar removal on patient's quality of life.
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              Comparative study of tramadol combined with dexamethasone and diclofenac sodium in third-molar surgery.

              The aim of this randomized, double-blind clinical trial was to investigate the effect of preemptive analgesia with a combination of tramadol+dexamethasone or tramadol+diclofenac sodium. The study included 30 patients (age range: 16-30 years), who were randomly assigned to 2 groups by the split-mouth method. Postoperative pain was assessed with a visual analogue scale at 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively (p.o.h.). Swelling was measured at 48 p.o.h. Maximal interincisor distance was measured at 48 p.o.h. and 7 postoperative days (p.o.d.). Significant differences in postoperative pain intensity were detected between the drug combinations at 4, 6, and 12p.o.h., suggesting the importance of preemptive analgesia. Patients treated with tramadol+dexamethasone showed lower pain scores compared to the tramadol+diclofenac sodium combination, larger postoperative mouth opening, and less swelling. The tramadol+dexamethasone combination also was more effective than tramadol+diclofenac sodium at reducing inflammation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                brjp
                BrJP
                BrJP
                Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo da Dor (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2595-0118
                2595-3192
                2024
                : 7
                : e20240033
                Affiliations
                [1] João Pessoa PB orgnameFederal University of Paraiba orgdiv1Undergraduate Dentistry Course Brazil
                [2] João Pessoa PB orgnameFederal University of Paraiba orgdiv1Post-Graduate Dentistry Program Brazil
                [3] João Pessoa PB orgnameFederal University of Paraiba orgdiv1Social Clinic and Dentistry Department Brazil
                Article
                S2595-31922024000100226 S2595-3192(24)00700000226
                10.5935/2595-0118.20240033-en
                cee0cfcd-589b-4227-a7f8-9b263af8a05f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 December 2023
                : 29 April 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                Patient comfort,Surgery oral,Conforto do paciente,Cost-effectiveness analysis,Análise de custo-efetividade,Cirurgia bucal

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