Animal carcass burial management: implications for sustainable biochar use – ScienceOpen
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      Animal carcass burial management: implications for sustainable biochar use

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          This review focuses on existing technologies for carcass and corpse disposal and potential alternative treatment strategies. Furthermore, key issues related to these treatments (e.g., carcass and corpse disposal events, available methods, performances, and limitations) are addressed in conjunction with associated environmental impacts. Simultaneously, various treatment technologies have been evaluated to provide insights into the adsorptive removal of specific pollutants derived from carcass disposal and management. In this regard, it has been proposed that a low-cost pollutant sorbent may be utilized, namely, biochar. Biochar has demonstrated the ability to remove (in)organic pollutants and excess nutrients from soils and waters; thus, we identify possible biochar uses for soil and water remediation at carcass and corpse disposal sites. To date, however, little emphasis has been placed on potential biochar use to manage such disposal sites. We highlight the need for strategic efforts to accurately assess biochar effectiveness when applied towards the remediation of complex pollutants produced and circulated within carcass and corpse burial systems.

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          Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review.

          Biochar is a stable carbon-rich by-product synthesized through pyrolysis/carbonization of plant- and animal-based biomass. An increasing interest in the beneficial application of biochar has opened up multidisciplinary areas for science and engineering. The potential biochar applications include carbon sequestration, soil fertility improvement, pollution remediation, and agricultural by-product/waste recycling. The key parameters controlling its properties include pyrolysis temperature, residence time, heat transfer rate, and feedstock type. The efficacy of biochar in contaminant management depends on its surface area, pore size distribution and ion-exchange capacity. Physical architecture and molecular composition of biochar could be critical for practical application to soil and water. Relatively high pyrolysis temperatures generally produce biochars that are effective in the sorption of organic contaminants by increasing surface area, microporosity, and hydrophobicity; whereas the biochars obtained at low temperatures are more suitable for removing inorganic/polar organic contaminants by oxygen-containing functional groups, electrostatic attraction, and precipitation. However, due to complexity of soil-water system in nature, the effectiveness of biochars on remediation of various organic/inorganic contaminants is still uncertain. In this review, a succinct overview of current biochar use as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water is summarized and discussed.
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            Organic and inorganic contaminants removal from water with biochar, a renewable, low cost and sustainable adsorbent--a critical review.

            Biochar is used for soil conditioning, remediation, carbon sequestration and water remediation. Biochar application to water and wastewater has never been reviewed previously. This review focuses on recent applications of biochars, produced from biomass pyrolysis (slow and fast), in water and wastewater treatment. Slow and fast pyrolysis biochar production is briefly discussed. The literature on sorption of organic and inorganic contaminants by biochars is surveyed and reviewed. Adsorption capacities for organic and inorganic contaminants by different biochars under different operating conditions are summarized and, where possible, compared. Mechanisms responsible for contaminant remediation are briefly discussed. Finally, a few recommendations for further research have been made in the area of biochar development for application to water filtration.
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              Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                meththika@sjp.ac.lk
                yongsikok@korea.ac.kr
                Journal
                Appl Biol Chem
                Appl Biol Chem
                Applied Biological Chemistry
                Springer Singapore (Singapore )
                2468-0834
                2468-0842
                22 December 2021
                22 December 2021
                2021
                : 64
                : 1
                : 91
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.267198.3, ISNI 0000 0001 1091 4496, Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, , University of Sri Jayewardenepura, ; Nugegoda, 10250 Sri Lanka
                [2 ]GRID grid.1010.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7304, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, , University of Adelaide, ; Adelaide, Australia
                [3 ]GRID grid.412621.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2215 1297, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, , Quaid-i-Azam University, ; Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
                [4 ]GRID grid.56302.32, ISNI 0000 0004 1773 5396, Industrial Psychology, College of Education, , King Saud University, ; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                [5 ]GRID grid.56302.32, ISNI 0000 0004 1773 5396, Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, , King Saud University, ; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                [6 ]GRID grid.47894.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8083, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, , Colorado State University, ; Fort Collins, CO USA
                [7 ]GRID grid.222754.4, ISNI 0000 0001 0840 2678, Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management and Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, , Korea University, ; Seoul, 02841 South Korea
                Article
                652
                10.1186/s13765-021-00652-z
                8693145
                34957350
                ce99bc96-80c6-4a3b-acee-0e7299bed8ec
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 28 September 2021
                : 16 November 2021
                Categories
                Invited Review
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2021

                pandemic,soil amendment,carcass burial,human corpses,biochar

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