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      Morfometría y dimorfismo sexual de Elasmoderus wagenknechti (Liebermann) (Orthoptera: Tristiridae) en dos eventos de irrupción poblacional Translated title: Morphometry and sexual dimorphism of Elasmoderus wagenknechti (Liebermann) (Orthoptera: Tristiridae) in two population outbreaks

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          Abstract

          La ecología poblacional de los insectos de secano ha sido poco estudiada en Chile. Existen diferentes especies que habitan los interfluvios de la región desértico transicional que, bajo ciertas condiciones ambientales, irrumpen demográficamente. Una de estas especies es Elasmoderus wagenknechti (Orthoptera: Tristiridae). Esta es una especie endémica a Chile, su rango de distribución se extiende desde Taltal en la Segunda Región (2522' S, 7031' O) hasta Salamanca en la Cuarta Región (3146'S, 7058'O). En este trabajo se comunican y discuten los resultados de análisis morfométricos realizados en individuos adultos de E. wagenknechti. Estos fueron capturados durante dos eventos de irrupción poblacional ocurridos en 1996 y 1999 en la Cuarta Región (Coquimbo, Chile). Elasmoderus wagenknechti ha sido descrita como una especie braquíptera. En este estudio, la relación longitud del tegmen/longitud del abdomen fue 0,66 para el macho y 0,51 para la hembra. Para el ala metatorácica, esta relación fue 0,34 y 0,24 respectivamente. La variabilidad morfométrica de los 23 caracteres examinados resultó baja tanto en el macho (CV: 3,04-31,46 %) como en la hembra (3,68-32,00 %). A pesar del aspecto más grueso de la hembra, la relación ancho corporal/longitud total fue similar en ambos sexos (0,27). Del mismo modo, tanto en el macho como en la hembra, el nivel de hidratación bordeó el 71 % de la biomasa medida en fresco. En esta misma dirección, la relación biomasa seca/biomasa fresca fue similar en ambos sexos (e.g., 0,28 en el macho; 0,29 en la hembra). Las comparaciones morfométricas entre machos de diferente evento demográfico mostraron 10 diferencias significativas; las hembras, ocho diferencias. Además del tamaño (e.g., longitud total), el dimorfismo sexual quedó evidenciado en doce comparaciones morfométricas. La diferencia favoreció a la hembra en todos los casos. Los índices variable morfométrica <IMG SRC="http:/fbpe/img/rchnat/v76n3/m.jpg" WIDTH=15 HEIGHT=20><IMG SRC="http:/fbpe/img/rchnat/v76n3/m.jpg" WIDTH=15 HEIGHT=20>/ variable morfométrica <IMG SRC="http:/fbpe/img/rchnat/v76n3/h.jpg" WIDTH=17 HEIGHT=18><IMG SRC="http:/fbpe/img/rchnat/v76n3/h.jpg" WIDTH=17 HEIGHT=18>más altos correspondieron al Ps (2,83), Lt (1,56), An mes (1,55) y Lpn (1,52), todos ellos relacionados al tamaño. El índice de condición fue ligeramente más alto en la hembra (beta1: 1,42) que en el macho (beta1: 1,25). Aunque esta diferencia no resultó estadísticamente significativa, un valor mayor del índice de condición de las hembras sugeriría una mejor adecuación biológica de estas respecto de los machos. Esta habilidad de la hembras explicaría la capacidad de E. wagenknechti de irrumpir demográficamente en el semidesierto de Chile, una vez dadas las condiciones ambientales favorables para ello.

          Translated abstract

          The population ecology of rangeland insects has been little studied in Chile. There are different species inhabiting the inter-valley areas of the transitional desert that, under certain environmental conditions, display population outbreaks. One of them is Elasmoderus wagenknechti (Orthoptera: Tristiridae). It is an endemic species to Chile. Its geographic range of distribution is from Taltal in the Second Region (2522'S, 7031' W) to Salamanca in the Fourth Region (3146' S, 7058' W). The results of morphometric analyses carried out on individuals captured from two population outbreaks are reported and discussed in this work. The outbreaks took place in 1996 and 1999 in the Fourth Región (Coquimbo, Chile). Elasmoderus wagenknechti has been described as a brachypterous species. In this work, the relation length of the tegmen/length of the abdomen was 0.66 for the male and 0.51 for the female. To the metathoracic wing, this relation was 0.34 and 0.24 respectively. The morphometric variability of 23 characters examined in this work was low both in the male (CV: 3.04-31.46 %) and in the female (CV: 3.68-32.00 %). Despite the thicker aspect of the female, the relation body width/total length was similar in both sexes (0.27). Likewise, the level of hydration was close to 71% of fresh biomass in both the male and the female. In the same way, the relation dry biomass/fresh biomass was also similar in both sexes (male: 0.28; female: 0.29). The morphometric comparisons from different outbreaks showed 10 significant differences in males and eight significant differences in females. Besides body size (e.g., total length), the sexual dimorphism showed up in 12 morphometric comparisons. In all of them, the difference was favorable to the female. The highest indices of morphometric variable <IMG SRC="http:/fbpe/img/rchnat/v76n3/m.jpg" WIDTH=15 HEIGHT=20><IMG SRC="http:/fbpe/img/rchnat/v76n3/m.jpg" WIDTH=15 HEIGHT=20>/ <IMG SRC="http:/fbpe/img/rchnat/v76n3/h.jpg" WIDTH=17 HEIGHT=18><IMG SRC="http:/fbpe/img/rchnat/v76n3/h.jpg" WIDTH=17 HEIGHT=18>were dry weight (2.83), total length (1.56), mesonotal width (1.55), and pronotal length (1.52); all of them related to body size. The condition index was higher in the female (beta1: 1.42) as compared to that of the male (beta1: 1.25). Although this difference was not statistically significant, a higher value would suggest a better fitness of the female. This fact might explain the ability of this species to demographically outburst in the Chilean semidesert, once the right environmental conditions have been triggered.

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          Most cited references105

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          Estimating Fitness: A Comparison of Body Condition Indices

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            Sexual Dimorphism, Sexual Selection, and Adaptation in Polygenic Characters

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              The evolution of sexual dimorphism in animals: Hypotheses and tests.

              Three major hypotheses, based upon mechanisms of sexual selection, intersexual food competition and reproductive role division, have been advanced to explain the evolution of sexual dimorphism in body size and morphology of animals. Genetic models suggest that all of the hypotheses are plausible, and empirical studies demonstrate that each of the three mechanisms operates in natural populations. However, problems arise in testing hypotheses for the evolution of sexual dimorphism: more than one mechanism may be operating simultaneously, and the demonstrated occurrence of a mechanism does not indicate that it actually results in selection for dimorphism. A recent statistical technique offers a solution to these problems and provides a promising new approach to the study of sexual dimorphism, in which researchers can assess the relative importance of each mechanism in present-day selection for sexual dimorphism within a species. Copyright © 1989. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rchnat
                Revista chilena de historia natural
                Rev. chil. hist. nat.
                Sociedad de Biología de Chile (Santiago, , Chile )
                0716-078X
                September 2003
                : 76
                : 3
                : 417-435
                Affiliations
                [01] La Serena orgnameUniversidad de La Serena orgdiv1Departamento de Biología Chile jcepeda@ 123456userena.cl
                [02] Santiago orgnameMuseo Nacional de Historia Natural orgdiv1Sección Entomología Chile melgueta@ 123456mnhn.cl
                Article
                S0716-078X2003000300007 S0716-078X(03)07600307
                10.4067/S0716-078X2003000300007
                ce683c7a-8d78-4ea2-a203-815f9ee2b1b1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 May 2003
                : 19 August 2002
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 74, Pages: 19
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICULOS

                morfometría de insectos,population outbreaks,rangeland insects,insect morphometry,insectos de secano,irrupciones poblacionales,Orthoptera

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