5
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Xanthomonas translucens commandeers the host rate-limiting step in ABA biosynthesis for disease susceptibility

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Significance

          Pathogenic bacteria acquire new virulence strategies for exploiting their hosts. This work reveals that the bacterial wheat pathogen Xanthomonas translucens uses a transcription activation-like (TAL) effector to promote virulence by directly activating the host gene 9- cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis of abscisic acid that is normally involved in water management within the host plant. Evolutionarily, TAL effectors are a relatively new class of virulence factors limited to a few species of pathogenic bacteria, and this work adds to the diversity of host susceptibility genes that can be exploited by pathogens through TAL effector gene function.

          Abstract

          Plants are vulnerable to disease through pathogen manipulation of phytohormone levels, which otherwise regulate development, abiotic, and biotic responses. Here, we show that the wheat pathogen Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa elevates expression of the host gene encoding 9- cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase ( TaNCED-5BS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone abscisic acid and a component of a major abiotic stress-response pathway, to promote disease susceptibility. Gene induction is mediated by a type III transcription activator-like effector. The induction of TaNCED-5BS results in elevated abscisic acid levels, reduced host transpiration and water loss, enhanced spread of bacteria in infected leaves, and decreased expression of the central defense gene TaNPR1. The results represent an appropriation of host physiology by a bacterial virulence effector.

          Related collections

          Most cited references35

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Efficient design and assembly of custom TALEN and other TAL effector-based constructs for DNA targeting

          TALENs are important new tools for genome engineering. Fusions of transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors of plant pathogenic Xanthomonas spp. to the FokI nuclease, TALENs bind and cleave DNA in pairs. Binding specificity is determined by customizable arrays of polymorphic amino acid repeats in the TAL effectors. We present a method and reagents for efficiently assembling TALEN constructs with custom repeat arrays. We also describe design guidelines based on naturally occurring TAL effectors and their binding sites. Using software that applies these guidelines, in nine genes from plants, animals and protists, we found candidate cleavage sites on average every 35 bp. Each of 15 sites selected from this set was cleaved in a yeast-based assay with TALEN pairs constructed with our reagents. We used two of the TALEN pairs to mutate HPRT1 in human cells and ADH1 in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. Our reagents include a plasmid construct for making custom TAL effectors and one for TAL effector fusions to additional proteins of interest. Using the former, we constructed de novo a functional analog of AvrHah1 of Xanthomonas gardneri. The complete plasmid set is available through the non-profit repository AddGene and a web-based version of our software is freely accessible online.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            JAZ repressor proteins are targets of the SCF(COI1) complex during jasmonate signalling.

            Jasmonate and related signalling compounds have a crucial role in both host immunity and development in plants, but the molecular details of the signalling mechanism are poorly understood. Here we identify members of the jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) protein family as key regulators of jasmonate signalling. JAZ1 protein acts to repress transcription of jasmonate-responsive genes. Jasmonate treatment causes JAZ1 degradation and this degradation is dependent on activities of the SCF(COI1) ubiquitin ligase and the 26S proteasome. Furthermore, the jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) conjugate, but not other jasmonate-derivatives such as jasmonate, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, or methyl-jasmonate, promotes physical interaction between COI1 and JAZ1 proteins in the absence of other plant proteins. Our results suggest a model in which jasmonate ligands promote the binding of the SCF(COI1) ubiquitin ligase to and subsequent degradation of the JAZ1 repressor protein, and implicate the SCF(COI1)-JAZ1 protein complex as a site of perception of the plant hormone JA-Ile.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Sugar transporters for intercellular exchange and nutrition of pathogens.

              Sugar efflux transporters are essential for the maintenance of animal blood glucose levels, plant nectar production, and plant seed and pollen development. Despite broad biological importance, the identity of sugar efflux transporters has remained elusive. Using optical glucose sensors, we identified a new class of sugar transporters, named SWEETs, and show that at least six out of seventeen Arabidopsis, two out of over twenty rice and two out of seven homologues in Caenorhabditis elegans, and the single copy human protein, mediate glucose transport. Arabidopsis SWEET8 is essential for pollen viability, and the rice homologues SWEET11 and SWEET14 are specifically exploited by bacterial pathogens for virulence by means of direct binding of a bacterial effector to the SWEET promoter. Bacterial symbionts and fungal and bacterial pathogens induce the expression of different SWEET genes, indicating that the sugar efflux function of SWEET transporters is probably targeted by pathogens and symbionts for nutritional gain. The metazoan homologues may be involved in sugar efflux from intestinal, liver, epididymis and mammary cells.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
                Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
                pnas
                pnas
                PNAS
                Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
                National Academy of Sciences
                0027-8424
                1091-6490
                15 October 2019
                1 October 2019
                1 October 2019
                : 116
                : 42
                : 20938-20946
                Affiliations
                [1] aDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611;
                [2] bDepartment of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506;
                [3] cCenter for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service , Gainesville, FL 32608;
                [4] dDepartment of Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506;
                [5] eDepartment of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University , Fargo, ND 58108
                Author notes
                1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: zpeng15@ 123456ufl.edu or ffwhite@ 123456ufl.edu .

                Edited by Sean R. Cutler, University of California, Riverside, CA, and approved September 13, 2019 (received for review July 8, 2019)

                Author contributions: Z.P., Y.H., A.K.B., S.P., Z.L., S.L., and F.F.W. designed research; Z.P., Y.H., J.Z., J.C.H.-T., A.K.B., S.P., S.S., and S.L. performed research; Z.P., Y.H., J.Z., J.C.H.-T., A.K.B., S.P., S.L., and F.F.W. analyzed data; and Z.P., Z.L., S.L., and F.F.W. wrote the paper.

                2Present address: Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.

                3Present address: Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.

                4Present address: Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-4005
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-9963
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-855X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-2454
                Article
                201911660
                10.1073/pnas.1911660116
                6800315
                31575748
                ce616a90-18d1-48c2-a7e1-90a2778275a5
                Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

                This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 9
                Funding
                Funded by: National Science Foundation (NSF) 100000001
                Award ID: 1238189
                Award Recipient : Zhao Peng Award Recipient : Junli Zhang
                Funded by: National Science Foundation (NSF) 100000001
                Award ID: 174090
                Award Recipient : Zhao Peng Award Recipient : Junli Zhang
                Categories
                PNAS Plus
                Biological Sciences
                Agricultural Sciences
                PNAS Plus

                xanthomonas,aba,tal effector,disease susceptibility,wheat
                xanthomonas, aba, tal effector, disease susceptibility, wheat

                Comments

                Comment on this article