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      La comunicación en el primer nivel de atención de salud Translated title: Communication in the health care first level

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          Abstract

          La atención primaria de salud tiene la misión de alcanzar un adecuado estado de bienestar físico, mental y social en personas, familias y comunidades, con una amplia participación de actores sociales, tanto intra como extra sectoriales, a través de acciones, entre ellas, la promoción y prevención, donde están establecidos diferentes programas, con un factor fundamental para su desarrollo: la comunicación. Esta implica para los actores intrasectoriales (médico, enfermera de la familia y el resto del grupo básico de trabajo) la necesidad de tomar medidas para alcanzar el desarrollo y habilidades necesarias en los aspectos de las formas, niveles y vías de comunicación, que coadyuvarán con el nivel de influencia que ejercen en las personas, las familias y las comunidades al logro de educar, informar, convencer y explicar sobre comportamientos individuales y sociales saludables. Estos comportamientos proporcionan a las personas, familias y comunidades las ventajas y elementos necesarios para mejorar su calidad de vida y prevenir enfermedades, además del alcance de objetivos, metas y aspiraciones del resto de las organizaciones, sectores e instituciones que inciden en la salud y la calidad de vida.

          Translated abstract

          Primary health care has the mission of reaching an adequate status of physical, mental and social welfare in persons, families and communities with a wide participation of social actors, both intra and extra sector ones, through actions like promotion and prevention, where different programs are established with a main factor for their development: communication. For the intra sector actors (family physician and nurse and the rest of the basic work group) it implies the necessity of taking measures to reach the necessary development and skills in the aspects of the communication forms, levels and ways, contributing to the level of influence exerted on persons, families and communities to educate, inform, convince and explain on the topic of healthy individual and social behaviors. These behaviors give persons, families and communities the advantages and necessary elements for improving their life quality and preventing diseases, besides reaching aims, goals and aspirations of the rest of the organizations, sectors and institutions influencing on health and life quality.

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          A New Dimension of Health Care: Systematic Review of the Uses, Benefits, and Limitations of Social Media for Health Communication

          Background There is currently a lack of information about the uses, benefits, and limitations of social media for health communication among the general public, patients, and health professionals from primary research. Objective To review the current published literature to identify the uses, benefits, and limitations of social media for health communication among the general public, patients, and health professionals, and identify current gaps in the literature to provide recommendations for future health communication research. Methods This paper is a review using a systematic approach. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using nine electronic databases and manual searches to locate peer-reviewed studies published between January 2002 and February 2012. Results The search identified 98 original research studies that included the uses, benefits, and/or limitations of social media for health communication among the general public, patients, and health professionals. The methodological quality of the studies assessed using the Downs and Black instrument was low; this was mainly due to the fact that the vast majority of the studies in this review included limited methodologies and was mainly exploratory and descriptive in nature. Seven main uses of social media for health communication were identified, including focusing on increasing interactions with others, and facilitating, sharing, and obtaining health messages. The six key overarching benefits were identified as (1) increased interactions with others, (2) more available, shared, and tailored information, (3) increased accessibility and widening access to health information, (4) peer/social/emotional support, (5) public health surveillance, and (6) potential to influence health policy. Twelve limitations were identified, primarily consisting of quality concerns and lack of reliability, confidentiality, and privacy. Conclusions Social media brings a new dimension to health care as it offers a medium to be used by the public, patients, and health professionals to communicate about health issues with the possibility of potentially improving health outcomes. Social media is a powerful tool, which offers collaboration between users and is a social interaction mechanism for a range of individuals. Although there are several benefits to the use of social media for health communication, the information exchanged needs to be monitored for quality and reliability, and the users’ confidentiality and privacy need to be maintained. Eight gaps in the literature and key recommendations for future health communication research were provided. Examples of these recommendations include the need to determine the relative effectiveness of different types of social media for health communication using randomized control trials and to explore potential mechanisms for monitoring and enhancing the quality and reliability of health communication using social media. Further robust and comprehensive evaluation and review, using a range of methodologies, are required to establish whether social media improves health communication practice both in the short and long terms.
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            La Universidad Cubana, el modelo de formación

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              La intersectorialidad y el desarrollo de la Salud Pública en Cuba

              La Salud Pública Cubana muestra un empeño manifiesto por la salud de la población, de ahí la conveniencia de exponer consideraciones sobre el proceso de inserción en ella de la intersectorialidad como única opción posible para su desarrollo. Hacer referencia a la salud como resultante de un proceso complejo que se construye entre todos, justifica las acciones intersectoriales como recurso imprescindible en la preservación y en la solución de los problemas de salud de la población. Se concluye que la intersectorialidad ha estado presente en las políticas del Estado Revolucionario, desde su interpretación empírica y filosófica hasta la tecnológica y que esta tecnología salubrista, al facilitar la intervención coordinada de los sectores de la economía y la sociedad con el sector de la salud, ha posibilitado una dirección más eficaz y eficiente de todos los niveles del sistema que se manifiesta en indicadores de salud pública relevantes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rme
                Revista Médica Electrónica
                Rev.Med.Electrón.
                Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas (Matanzas, , Cuba )
                1684-1824
                April 2016
                : 38
                : 2
                : 261-269
                Affiliations
                [01] Matanzas orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas Cuba
                Article
                S1684-18242016000200014 S1684-1824(16)03800200014
                cdec4713-4875-4f6d-9c63-7b302a6de494

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 December 2015
                : 11 December 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN

                comunicación interpersonal,promoción,intersectorialidad,primary health care,atención primaria de salud,communication,interpersonal communication,promotion,inter sectoriality,comunicación

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