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      Plant–microbe interactions ameliorate phosphate-mediated responses in the rhizosphere: a review

      review-article
      Frontiers in Plant Science
      Frontiers Media S.A.
      phosphate solubilizing bacteria, drought, microbiome, plant response, biostimulant

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          Abstract

          Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential minerals for many biochemical and physiological responses in all biota, especially in plants. P deficiency negatively affects plant performance such as root growth and metabolism and plant yield. Mutualistic interactions with the rhizosphere microbiome can assist plants in accessing the available P in soil and its uptake. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of plant–microbe interactions that facilitate P uptake by the plant. We focus on the role of soil biodiversity in improved P uptake by the plant, especially under drought conditions. P-dependent responses are regulated by phosphate starvation response (PSR). PSR not only modulates the plant responses to P deficiency in abiotic stresses but also activates valuable soil microbes which provide accessible P. The drought-tolerant P-solubilizing bacteria are appropriate for P mobilization, which would be an eco-friendly manner to promote plant growth and tolerance, especially in extreme environments. This review summarizes plant–microbe interactions that improve P uptake by the plant and brings important insights into the ways to improve P cycling in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.

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          Most cited references61

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          Eutrophication science: where do we go from here?

          Cultural eutrophication has become the primary water quality issue for most of the freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems in the world. However, despite extensive research during the past four to five decades, many key questions in eutrophication science remain unanswered. Much is yet to be understood concerning the interactions that can occur between nutrients and ecosystem stability: whether they are stable or not, alternate states pose important complexities for the management of aquatic resources. Evidence is also mounting rapidly that nutrients strongly influence the fate and effects of other non-nutrient contaminants, including pathogens. In addition, it will be important to resolve ongoing debates about the optimal design of nutrient loading controls as a water quality management strategy for estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems.
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            Mycorrhizas and soil structure.

            In addition to their well-recognized roles in plant nutrition and communities, mycorrhizas can influence the key ecosystem process of soil aggregation. Here we review the contribution of mycorrhizas, mostly focused on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to soil structure at various hierarchical levels: plant community; individual root; and the soil mycelium. There are a suite of mechanisms by which mycorrhizal fungi can influence soil aggregation at each of these various scales. By extension of these mechanisms to the question of fungal diversity, it is recognized that different species or communities of fungi can promote soil aggregation to different degrees. We argue that soil aggregation should be included in a more complete 'multifunctional' perspective of mycorrhizal ecology, and that in-depth understanding of mycorrhizas/soil process relationships will require analyses emphasizing feedbacks between soil structure and mycorrhizas, rather than a uni-directional approach simply addressing mycorrhizal effects on soils. We finish the discussion by highlighting new tools, developments and foci that will probably be crucial in further understanding mycorrhizal contributions to soil structure.
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              Root microbiota drive direct integration of phosphate stress and immunity

              Plants live in biogeochemically diverse soils that harbor extraordinarily diverse microbiota. Plant organs associate intimately with a subset of these microbes; this community’s structure can be altered by soil nutrient content. Plant-associated microbes can compete with the plant and with each other for nutrients; they can also provide traits that increase plant productivity. It is unknown how the plant immune system coordinates microbial recognition with nutritional cues during microbiome assembly. We establish that a genetic network controlling phosphate stress response influences root microbiome community structure, even under non-stress phosphate conditions. We define a molecular mechanism regulating coordination between nutrition and defense in the presence of a synthetic bacterial community. We demonstrate that the master transcriptional regulators of phosphate stress response in Arabidopsis also directly repress defense, consistent with plant prioritization of nutritional stress over defense. Our work will impact efforts to define and deploy useful microbes to enhance plant performance.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Plant Sci
                Front Plant Sci
                Front. Plant Sci.
                Frontiers in Plant Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-462X
                09 June 2023
                2023
                : 14
                : 1074279
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University , Tehran, Iran
                Author notes

                Edited by: Olivera Topalovic, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

                Reviewed by: Xuefei Wang, Northwest A&F University, China; Marco Nuti, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Italy

                *Correspondence: Sakineh Abbasi, abbsi11368@ 123456gmail.com

                †ORCID: Sakineh Abbasi, orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-0058

                Article
                10.3389/fpls.2023.1074279
                10290171
                cd744a8c-d91c-4a5e-b0a0-b548ea7aa8e2
                Copyright © 2023 Abbasi

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 19 October 2022
                : 19 May 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 61, Pages: 6, Words: 2937
                Categories
                Plant Science
                Review
                Custom metadata
                Plant Symbiotic Interactions

                Plant science & Botany
                phosphate solubilizing bacteria,drought,microbiome,plant response,biostimulant

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