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      Current Contributions of Organofluorine Compounds to the Agrochemical Industry

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          Summary

          Currently, more than 1,200 agrochemicals are listed and many of these are regularly used by farmers to generate the food supply to support the expanding global population. However, resistance to pesticides is an ever more frequently occurring phenomenon, and thus, a continuous supply of novel agrochemicals with high efficiency, selectivity, and low toxicity is required. Moreover, the demand for a more sustainable society, by reducing the risk chemicals pose to human health and by minimizing their environmental footprint, renders the development of novel agrochemicals an ever more challenging undertaking. In the last two decades, fluoro-chemicals have been associated with significant advances in the agrochemical development process. We herein analyze the contribution that organofluorine compounds make to the agrochemical industry. Our database covers 424 fluoro-agrochemicals and is subdivided into several categories including chemotypes, mode of action, heterocycles, and chirality. This in-depth analysis reveals the unique relationship between fluorine and agrochemicals.

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          Chemistry; Industrial Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Agricultural Science

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          Fluorine in medicinal chemistry.

          Sophie Purser, Peter R. Moore, Steve Swallow … (2008)
          It has become evident that fluorinated compounds have a remarkable record in medicinal chemistry and will play a continuing role in providing lead compounds for therapeutic applications. This tutorial review provides a sampling of renowned fluorinated drugs and their mode of action with a discussion clarifying the role and impact of fluorine substitution on drug potency.
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            An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management

            Kathleen Lewis, John Tzilivakis, Douglas Warner … (2016)
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              The Unique Role of Fluorine in the Design of Active Ingredients for Modern Crop Protection

              Peter Jeschke (2004)
              The task of inventing and developing active ingredients with useful biological activities requires a search for novel chemical substructures. This process may trigger the discovery of whole classes of chemicals of potential commercial interest. Similar biological effects can often be achieved by completely different compounds. However, compounds within a given structural family may exhibit quite different biological activities depending on their interactions with different intracellular proteins like enzymes or receptors. By varying the functional groups and structural elements of a lead compound, its interaction with the active site of the target protein, as well as its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and dynamic properties can be improved. In this context, the introduction of fluorine into active ingredients has become an important concept in the quest for a modern crop protection product with optimal efficacy, environmental safety, user friendliness, and economic viability. Fluorinated organic compounds represent an important and growing family of commercial agrochemicals. A number of recently developed agrochemical candidates represent novel classes of chemical compounds with new modes of action; several of these compounds contain new fluorinated substituents. However, the complex structure-activity relationships associated with biologically active molecules mean that the introduction of fluorine can lead to either an increase or a decrease in the efficacy of a compound depending on its changed mode of action, physicochemical properties, target interaction, or metabolic susceptibility and transformation. Therefore, it is still difficult to predict the sites in a molecule at which fluorine substitution will result in optimal desired effects.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Kenji Hirai
                Norio Shibata
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): iScience
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): iScience
                Title: iScience
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2589-0042
                Publication date PMC-release: 18 August 2020
                Publication date Collection: 25 September 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 August 2020
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: 101467
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
                [2 ]Sagami Chemical Research Institute, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1193, Japan
                [3 ]Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author k-hirai@ 123456sagami.or.jp
                [∗∗ ]Corresponding author nozshiba@ 123456nitech.ac.jp
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2589-0042(20)30659-3 Publisher ID: 101467
                DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101467
                PMC ID: 7479632
                PubMed ID: 32891056
                SO-VID: cd229589-df82-46c3-8782-26a6852f0340
                Copyright © © 2020 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Perspective

                Keywords: chemistry,industrial chemistry,organic chemistry,agricultural science
                Data availability:
                Keywords: chemistry, industrial chemistry, organic chemistry, agricultural science

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