Heat and mass transfer by stirring nanofluids with the presence of renewable solar rays, Joule heating, and entropy procreation

Abstract

Renewable solar radiation is the foremost energy source because of its accessibility, natural replication, and sustainability in an environmentally safe manner. Here, researchers intended to inspect the heat and mass transfer via nanofluid transported on an inclined permeable expanded sheet in the presence of solar thermal radiation without any barrier. Mainly, the formation of non-recovery energy called entropy and Joule heating are also weighed. The guiding non-linear partial differential equations were transformed into systems of non-linear higher-order ordinary differential equations by felicitous similarity transformation. They are solved by the prevalent technique called the Homotopy Analysis Method, which is executed by the BVPh2.0 package in Mathematica 12.1 software. Comparisons with preceding published articles confirm the method's validity and accent its admirable uniformity. Afterward, the magnetic field interaction delays the mobility of nanofluid while increasing the magnitude of local skin friction and temperature distribution. By intensifying the thermal radiation parameter and Eckert number, the temperature and entropy production escalated. Furthermore, the heat transfer by convective surpasses that of conductive owing to the particles' Brownian motion. Thermophoresis established surplus tiny-particles concentration. Heat transfer from solar radiation in moving nanofluids has been applicable for cooking, heating water, and producing electricity.