Epigenetic Changes in the Acute Kidney Injury-to-Chronic Kidney Disease Transition

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Abstract

Previously acute kidney injury (AKI) had been believed to be a transient event, and recovery from AKI had been thought to lead to no consequences. However, recent epidemiological studies have shown that even if there is complete recovery of the kidney function, AKI can eventually result in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and eventually in end-stage kidney disease in the long term. Transition of AKI to CKD is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including aberrant cell cycle arrest and hypoxia. Hypoxia of the kidney is induced by rarefaction of the peritubular capillaries after AKI episodes, and induces inflammation and fibrosis. It should also be noted that epigenetic changes are closely related to hypoxia, and epigenetic changes induced by hypoxia, called “hypoxic memory” can explain the AKI-to-CKD transition in the long term after complete recovery from the initial AKI episode. Targeting hypoxia and subsequent epigenetic changes are promising strategies to block the transition from AKI to CKD.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): NEF

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nephron

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1660-8151

Title: Nephron

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 1660-8151

ISSN (Electronic): 2235-3186

Publication date Subscription-year: 2017

Publication date (Print): November 2017

Publication date (Electronic): 09 June 2017

Volume: 137

Issue: 4

Pages: 256-259

Affiliations

Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Author notes

*Dr. Masaomi Nangaku, Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 (Japan), E-Mail mnangaku-tky@umin.ac.jp

Article

Publisher ID: 476078 Other ID: Nephron 2017;137:256–259

DOI: 10.1159/000476078

PubMed ID: 28595179

SO-VID: ccce68df-8959-45ee-87cc-b7b6cde63484

License:

Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

History

Date received : 29 March 2017

Date accepted : 20 April 2017

Page count

Figures: 1, References: 16, Pages: 4

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