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      Advancing diabetes treatment: the role of mesenchymal stem cells in islet transplantation

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          Abstract

          Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health challenge, significantly impacts societal and economic well-being. Islet transplantation is increasingly recognized as a viable treatment for type 1 diabetes that aims to restore endogenous insulin production and mitigate complications associated with exogenous insulin dependence. We review the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in enhancing the efficacy of islet transplantation. MSCs, characterized by their immunomodulatory properties and differentiation potential, are increasingly seen as valuable in enhancing islet graft survival, reducing immune-mediated rejection, and supporting angiogenesis and tissue repair. The utilization of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles further exemplifies innovative approaches to improve transplantation outcomes. However, challenges such as MSC heterogeneity and the optimization of therapeutic applications persist. Advanced methodologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), are highlighted as potential technologies for addressing these challenges, potentially steering MSC therapy toward more effective, personalized treatment modalities for diabetes. This review revealed that MSCs are important for advancing diabetes treatment strategies, particularly through islet transplantation. This highlights the importance of MSCs in the field of regenerative medicine, acknowledging both their potential and the challenges that must be navigated to fully realize their therapeutic promise.

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          Most cited references68

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          Different populations and sources of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC): A comparison of adult and neonatal tissue-derived MSC

          The mesenchymal stroma harbors an important population of cells that possess stem cell-like characteristics including self renewal and differentiation capacities and can be derived from a variety of different sources. These multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be found in nearly all tissues and are mostly located in perivascular niches. MSC have migratory abilities and can secrete protective factors and act as a primary matrix for tissue regeneration during inflammation, tissue injuries and certain cancers. These functions underlie the important physiological roles of MSC and underscore a significant potential for the clinical use of distinct populations from the various tissues. MSC derived from different adult (adipose tissue, peripheral blood, bone marrow) and neonatal tissues (particular parts of the placenta and umbilical cord) are therefore compared in this mini-review with respect to their cell biological properties, surface marker expression and proliferative capacities. In addition, several MSC functions including in vitro and in vivo differentiation capacities within a variety of lineages and immune-modulatory properties are highlighted. Differences in the extracellular milieu such as the presence of interacting neighbouring cell populations, exposure to proteases or a hypoxic microenvironment contribute to functional developments within MSC populations originating from different tissues, and intracellular conditions such as the expression levels of certain micro RNAs can additionally balance MSC function and fate.
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            Global incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in 2021 with projection to 2040: a modelling study

            Accurate data on type 1 diabetes prevalence, incidence, associated mortality and life expectancy are crucial to inform public health policy, but these data are scarce. We therefore developed a model based on available data to estimate these values for 201 countries for the year 2021 and estimate the projected prevalent cases in 2040.
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              Rethinking drug design in the artificial intelligence era

              Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly being applied in drug discovery. While some protagonists point to vast opportunities potentially offered by such tools, others remain sceptical, waiting for a clear impact to be shown in drug discovery projects. The reality is probably somewhere in-between these extremes, yet it is clear that AI is providing new challenges not only for the scientists involved but also for the biopharma industry and its established processes for discovering and developing new medicines. This article presents the views of a diverse group of international experts on the 'grand challenges' in small-molecule drug discovery with AI and the approaches to address them.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1199233Role: Role: Role:
                Role:
                Role: Role: Role: Role:
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1502626Role: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Front Immunol
                Front Immunol
                Front. Immunol.
                Frontiers in Immunology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-3224
                28 March 2024
                2024
                : 15
                : 1389134
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
                [2] 2 MetaLife Lab, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine , Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
                [3] 3 Biology Department, Skidmore College , Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
                [4] 4 Imaging Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Yi Wang, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, China

                Reviewed by: Dafei Chai, Baylor College of Medicine, United States

                Man Yuan, Wuhan University, China

                *Correspondence: Zuhui Pu, zuhuipu@ 123456email.szu.edu.cn ; Xinyu Wang, wxyhorse@ 123456163.com
                Article
                10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389134
                11007079
                38605972
                ccab1746-4622-4ad2-a934-999d55d25a6b
                Copyright © 2024 Mou, Wang, Wang and Pu

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 21 February 2024
                : 18 March 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 68, Pages: 8, Words: 3354
                Funding
                The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work is supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (grant numbers JCYJ20220818102001003, JCYJ20230807115107015, and GCZX2015043017281705), Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Fund (2019).
                Categories
                Immunology
                Mini Review
                Custom metadata
                Alloimmunity and Transplantation

                Immunology
                diabetes,islets,islet transplantation,msc,immunomodulation,single-cell rna sequencing,artificial intelligence,regenerative medicine

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