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      Ensino on-line emergencial num contexto de crise provocada pela covid-19: vivências de professores da educação básica em Alagoas Translated title: La Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia en un contexto de crisis provocada por COVID-19: experiencias de profesores de educación básica en Alagoas Translated title: Emergency Remote Education in a context of crisis brought on by the Covid-19 pandemic: experiences of basic education teachers in Alagoas

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          Abstract

          Resumo: A pandemia de covid-19, deflagrada em março de 2020 à sociedade, constituiu-se num cenário atípico e abrupto à educação. Em virtude do isolamento e distanciamento social, a escola precisou adequar os seus processos educativos a um contexto distanciado da sua realidade metodológica, lançando-se às soluções massivas de tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDIC) ancoradas no ensino on-line emergencial (EOE). Nesse contexto, a busca por vivências dos professores em tempos de covid-19, diante dos desafios da cultura digital, revelou “nuances” sociais e de formação docente limitantes ao ideário de educação para o século 21. Nessa conjuntura, este estudo qualitativo, apoiado na teoria fundamentada de caráter descritivo, investigou como os professores da educação básica das redes pública e privada em Alagoas, nas etapas de ensino fundamental e médio, vivenciaram o EOE num cenário de crise provocada pela covid-19 em 2020, demarcando os desafios e as limitações. A pesquisa foi realizada com 237 professores, por meio de questionários semiestruturados, aplicados entre abril e julho de 2020, os quais analisaram as seguintes categorias: “equidade digital”, “recursos escassos” e “formação para a utilização das TDIC”. Por conseguinte, a investigação pôde inferir que os desafios e as limitações foram acentuados pelo anacronismo metodológico e pela condição social de estudantes e professores. Além disso, os impactos da pandemia sobre a educação podem repercutir possíveis alterações dos espaços escolares e processos educativos.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: La pandemia de COVID-19, iniciada en marzo de 2020, constituyó un escenario atípico y abrupto para la educación. Debido al aislamiento y distancia social, la escuela necesitó adaptar sus procesos educativos a un contexto distante de su realidad metodológica, lanzándose a soluciones masivas de Tecnologías Digitales de Información y Comunicación (TDIC) ancladas en la Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia (ERT). En este contexto, la búsqueda de experiencias pedagógicas en tiempos de COVID-19, ante a los desafíos de la cultura digital, reveló "matices" sociales y de formación docente que limitan los ideales de la educación para el siglo XXI. En esta coyuntura, este estudio cualitativo, apoyado en la teoría fundamentada de carácter descriptivo, investigó cómo los profesores de educación básica de las redes públicas y privadas en Alagoas, en las etapas de educación primaria y secundaria, experimentaron la ERT en un escenario de crisis provocada por COVID-19 en 2020, demarcando los desafíos y las limitaciones. La investigación se realizó con 237 profesores, por medio de cuestionarios semiestructurados, aplicados entre abril y julio de 2020, analizados a partir de las categorías: equidad digital, recursos escasos y capacitación para el uso de las TDIC. En consecuencia, la investigación pudo inferir que los desafíos y las limitaciones se acentuaron por el anacronismo metodológico y la condición social de los alumnos y profesores. Además, los impactos de la pandemia en la educación pueden repercutir en posibles cambios en los espacios escolares y en los procesos educativos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic that broke out in March 2020 to society constituted an atypical and abrupt scenario to education. Due to the isolation and social distancing, schools needed to adapt their educational processes to a context apart from methodological reality, thus, investing in massive solutions of Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT), anchored in the Emergency Remote Education (ERE). In this context, a survey on the teaching experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic, in front of the challenges of digital culture, revealed 'nuances' in the social and teacher training that limit the ideals of education for the 21st century. In these circumstances, this qualitative study, supported by a descriptive theory, investigated how basic education teachers of public and private schools in Alagoas, in the stages of elementary and secondary education, experienced ERE in a scenario of crisis caused by Covid-19 in 2020, demarcating the challenges and limitations. The survey was conducted with 237 teachers through semi-structured questionnaires applied between April and July 2020, which analyzed categories such as 'digital equity', 'scarce resources' and 'DICT training'. Consequently, the study could infer that the challenges and limitations were accentuated by the methodological anachronism and the social status of students and teachers. Moreover, the impacts of the pandemic on education may have repercussions on possible changes in the educational spaces and processes.

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            On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2

            ABSTRACT The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic started in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since impacted a large portion of China and raised major global concern. Herein, we investigated the extent of molecular divergence between SARS-CoV-2 and other related coronaviruses. Although we found only 4% variability in genomic nucleotides between SARS-CoV-2 and a bat SARS-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV; RaTG13), the difference at neutral sites was 17%, suggesting the divergence between the two viruses is much larger than previously estimated. Our results suggest that the development of new variations in functional sites in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike seen in SARS-CoV-2 and viruses from pangolin SARSr-CoVs are likely caused by mutations and natural selection besides recombination. Population genetic analyses of 103 SARS-CoV-2 genomes indicated that these viruses evolved into two major types (designated L and S), that are well defined by two different SNPs that show nearly complete linkage across the viral strains sequenced to date. Although the L type (∼70%) is more prevalent than the S type (∼30%), the S type was found to be the ancestral version. Whereas the L type was more prevalent in the early stages of the outbreak in Wuhan, the frequency of the L type decreased after early January 2020. Human intervention may have placed more severe selective pressure on the L type, which might be more aggressive and spread more quickly. On the other hand, the S type, which is evolutionarily older and less aggressive, might have increased in relative frequency due to relatively weaker selective pressure. These findings strongly support an urgent need for further immediate, comprehensive studies that combine genomic data, epidemiological data, and chart records of the clinical symptoms of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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              A Literature Review on Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning

              The COVID-19 pandemic has created the largest disruption of education systems in human history, affecting nearly 1.6 billion learners in more than 200 countries. Closures of schools, institutions and other learning spaces have impacted more than 94% of the world’s student population. This has brought far-reaching changes in all aspects of our lives. Social distancing and restrictive movement policies have significantly disturbed traditional educational practices. Reopening of schools after relaxation of restriction is another challenge with many new standard operating procedures put in place. Within a short span of the COVID-19 pandemic, many researchers have shared their works on teaching and learning in different ways. Several schools, colleges and universities have discontinued face-to-face teachings. There is a fear of losing 2020 academic year or even more in the coming future. The need of the hour is to innovate and implement alternative educational system and assessment strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided us with an opportunity to pave the way for introducing digital learning. This article aims to provide a comprehensive report on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on online teaching and learning of various papers and indicate the way forward.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbeped
                Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos
                Rev. Bras. Estud. Pedagog.
                Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0034-7183
                2176-6681
                2023
                : 104
                : e5514
                Affiliations
                [3] Maceió orgnameUniversidade Federal de Alagoas Brazil luispaulomercado@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Maceió orgnameUniversidade Federal de Alagoas Brazil
                [4] São Paulo São Paulo orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo Brazil
                [1] Maceió orgnameUniversidade Federal de Alagoas Brazil weideralberto@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S2176-66812023000100216 S2176-6681(23)10400000216
                10.24109/2176-6681.rbep.104.5514
                cc7057aa-ad77-4d6d-af3c-f7fc546091bd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 September 2022
                : 05 May 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Estudos

                COVID-19,basic education,educational technology,Emergency Online Education,Covid-19,educação básica,tecnologia educacional,ensino on-line emergencial,covid-19,educación básica,tecnología educacional,Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia

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