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      Role of G protein coupled receptors in acute kidney injury

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          Abstract

          Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical condition characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function, which is associated with local inflammation and programmed cell death in the kidney. The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of signaling transduction proteins in the body, and approximately 40% of drugs on the market target GPCRs. The expressions of various GPCRs, prostaglandin receptors and purinergic receptors, to name a few, are significantly altered in AKI models. And the role of GPCRs in AKI is catching the eyes of researchers due to their distinctive biological functions, such as regulation of hemodynamics, metabolic reprogramming, and inflammation. Therefore, in this review, we aim to discuss the role of GPCRs in the pathogenesis of AKI and summarize the relevant clinical trials involving GPCRs to assess the potential of GPCRs and their ligands as therapeutic targets in AKI and the transition to AKI-CKD.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-024-01802-8.

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          Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: a KDIGO summary (Part 1)

          Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious problem affecting millions and causing death and disability for many. In 2012, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes completed the first ever, international, multidisciplinary, clinical practice guideline for AKI. The guideline is based on evidence review and appraisal, and covers AKI definition, risk assessment, evaluation, prevention, and treatment. In this review we summarize key aspects of the guideline including definition and staging of AKI, as well as evaluation and nondialytic management. Contrast-induced AKI and management of renal replacement therapy will be addressed in a separate review. Treatment recommendations are based on systematic reviews of relevant trials. Appraisal of the quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Limitations of the evidence are discussed and a detailed rationale for each recommendation is provided.
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            Trends in GPCR drug discovery: new agents, targets and indications

            G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most intensively studied drug targets, largely due to their substantial involvement in human pathophysiology and their pharmacological tractability. Here, we report the first analysis of all GPCR drugs and agents in clinical trials. This reveals the current trends across molecule types, drug targets and therapeutic indications, including showing that 481 drugs (~34% of all drugs approved by the FDA) act at 107 unique GPCR targets. Approximately 320 agents are currently in clinical trials, of which ~36% target 64 potentially novel GPCR targets without an approved drug, and the number of biological drugs, allosteric modulators and biased agonists has grown. The major disease indications for GPCR modulators show a shift towards diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease, while other central nervous system disorders remain highly represented. The 227 (57%) non-olfactory GPCRs that are yet to be explored in clinical trials have broad untapped therapeutic potential, particularly in genetic and immune system disorders. Finally, we provide an interactive online resource to analyse and infer trends in GPCR drug discovery.
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              Acute kidney injury

              Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a rapid increase in serum creatinine, decrease in urine output, or both. AKI occurs in approximately 10-15% of patients admitted to hospital, while its incidence in intensive care has been reported in more than 50% of patients. Kidney dysfunction or damage can occur over a longer period or follow AKI in a continuum with acute and chronic kidney disease. Biomarkers of kidney injury or stress are new tools for risk assessment and could possibly guide therapy. AKI is not a single disease but rather a loose collection of syndromes as diverse as sepsis, cardiorenal syndrome, and urinary tract obstruction. The approach to a patient with AKI depends on the clinical context and can also vary by resource availability. Although the effectiveness of several widely applied treatments is still controversial, evidence for several interventions, especially when used together, has increased over the past decade.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                zhaojh@tmmu.edu.cn
                Journal
                Cell Commun Signal
                Cell Commun Signal
                Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS
                BioMed Central (London )
                1478-811X
                2 September 2024
                2 September 2024
                2024
                : 22
                : 423
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.410570.7, ISNI 0000 0004 1760 6682, Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, , Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University), ; Chongqing, 400037 China
                Article
                1802
                10.1186/s12964-024-01802-8
                11367933
                39223553
                c9635aec-667c-494a-9d7b-5cf06cabc6d7
                © The Author(s) 2024

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

                History
                : 11 June 2024
                : 20 August 2024
                Funding
                Funded by: Chongqing Graduate Innovation Program
                Award ID: CYB23291
                Funded by: National Key R&D Program of China
                Award ID: 2022YFC2502500/2022YFC2502501
                Funded by: Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: No.82030023
                Funded by: the Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: Nos.82322012, U22A20279, 81800616
                Funded by: Frontier specific projects of Xinqiao Hospital
                Award ID: No. 2018YQYLY004
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024

                Cell biology
                g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs),acute kidney injury,gpcr ligands
                Cell biology
                g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs), acute kidney injury, gpcr ligands

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