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      Nanotechnology-Driven Therapeutic Interventions in Wound Healing: Potential Uses and Applications

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          Abstract

          The chronic nature and associated complications of nonhealing wounds have led to the emergence of nanotechnology-based therapies that aim at facilitating the healing process and ultimately repairing the injured tissue. A number of engineered nanotechnologies have been proposed demonstrating unique properties and multiple functions that address specific problems associated with wound repair mechanisms. In this outlook, we highlight the most recently developed nanotechnology-based therapeutic agents and assess the viability and efficacy of each treatment, with emphasis on chronic cutaneous wounds. Herein we explore the unmet needs and future directions of current technologies, while discussing promising strategies that can advance the wound-healing field.

          Abstract

          A myriad of advanced nanotechnology-driven therapies were designed for targeting specific problems of chronic wound healing. The clinical application of these therapies still requires intensive research for the standardization of nanotechnologies.

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          Most cited references114

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          Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.

          In this work we investigated the antibacterial properties of differently shaped silver nanoparticles against the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, both in liquid systems and on agar plates. Energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy images revealed considerable changes in the cell membranes upon treatment, resulting in cell death. Truncated triangular silver nanoplates with a {111} lattice plane as the basal plane displayed the strongest biocidal action, compared with spherical and rod-shaped nanoparticles and with Ag(+) (in the form of AgNO(3)). It is proposed that nanoscale size and the presence of a {111} plane combine to promote this biocidal property. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study on the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles of different shapes, and our results demonstrate that silver nanoparticles undergo a shape-dependent interaction with the gram-negative organism E. coli.
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            Bacterial Biofilms: A Common Cause of Persistent Infections

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              Biofilms in chronic wounds.

              Chronic wounds including diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and venous leg ulcers are a worldwide health problem. It has been speculated that bacteria colonizing chronic wounds exist as highly persistent biofilm communities. This research examined chronic and acute wounds for biofilms and characterized microorganisms inhabiting these wounds. Chronic wound specimens were obtained from 77 subjects and acute wound specimens were obtained from 16 subjects. Culture data were collected using standard clinical techniques. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to analyze 50 of the chronic wound specimens and the 16 acute wound specimens. Molecular analyses were performed on the remaining 27 chronic wound specimens using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequence analysis. Of the 50 chronic wound specimens evaluated by microscopy, 30 were characterized as containing biofilm (60%), whereas only one of the 16 acute wound specimens was characterized as containing biofilm (6%). This was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Molecular analyses of chronic wound specimens revealed diverse polymicrobial communities and the presence of bacteria, including strictly anaerobic bacteria, not revealed by culture. Bacterial biofilm prevalence in specimens from chronic wounds relative to acute wounds observed in this study provides evidence that biofilms may be abundant in chronic wounds.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ACS Cent Sci
                ACS Cent Sci
                oc
                acscii
                ACS Central Science
                American Chemical Society
                2374-7943
                2374-7951
                27 February 2017
                22 March 2017
                : 3
                : 3
                : 163-175
                Affiliations
                []Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
                []Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
                Author notes
                Article
                10.1021/acscentsci.6b00371
                5364456
                28386594
                c960284b-3167-4cc8-ae2b-f8f0b4c607fc
                Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society

                This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.

                History
                : 02 December 2016
                Categories
                Outlook
                Custom metadata
                oc6b00371
                oc-2016-003714

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