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      Clasificación PIRO en sepsis grave y shock séptico pediátrico: Nuevo modelo de estratificación y su utilidad en pronóstico Translated title: PIRO classification in pediatric severe sepsis and septic shock: A new model for staging and its potential usefulness in prognoses

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          Abstract

          Introducción: La compresión de la sepsis como un proceso dinámico, resultado de la interacción entre hospedero y agente infeccioso, ha llevado al sistema de estratificación "PIRO" (P) Predisposición, (I) Injuria/ Infección, (R) Respuesta y (O) disfunción de Órganos, clasificación orientada a predecir la muerte en pacientes con sepsis, a ganar adeptos. Sin embargo, faltan estudios clínicos que lo validen. Objetivo: Evaluar la certeza de la clasificación "PIRO" en sepsis grave y shock séptico para predecir mortalidad. Pacientes y Método: Estudio retrospectivo efectuado en una UCI pediátrica de 13 camas durante 24 meses (enero 2006 a diciembre 2007). Uno de los cuatro autores registró las características demográficas, clínicas y microbiológicas de la totalidad de pacientes ingresados con diagnóstico de sepsis grave y shock séptico, agrupándolos según sobrevida. Fueron clasificadas estas variables según sistema PIRO Se evaluó la asociación de estas variables con la mortalidad. Resultados: 42 pacientes, edad 11 meses (3,2-58) y mortalidad 19%. Las variables asociadas a mortalidad fueron: (P) antecedente de patología crónica (OR: 7; IC95% 0,95-51) e inmunodeficiencia (6,2; 1,1-35,2); (R) leucopenia (9; 1,96-41,72); (O) disfunción de 3 o más órganos (6,1; 1,22-31). Ninguna de las variables (I) se asoció a mortalidad. Conclusiones: El sistema "PIRO" es un modelo en desarrollo para una clasificación individual, de fácil aplicación. Permite reconocer factores asociados a un resultado fatal, en la presente casuística dado por inmunodeficiencia, leucopenia y fallo de tres o más sistemas. Es importante realizar estudios transversales para definir una etapificación PIRO consensuada y luego validarla prospectivamente.

          Translated abstract

          Background: Sepsis is a dynamic process that involves complex interactions between the pathogenic micro-organisms and the host. The understanding of this heterogeneous disease has led to the development of a new system for stratification of septic patients: the PIRO system: Predisposition (P) -Insult/Infection (I) -Response (R) -Organ disfunction (O), a classification aimed to determine the risk of death in patients with sepsis. Only a few studies have validated this classification system in children. Objective: To empirically test the accuracy of the PIRO system in pediatric patients with septic shock and severe sepsis and associate its individual components to predict mortality. Patients and Method: A retrospective chart review was performed in a 13 bed PICU during 24 months (January 2006 to December 2007) Demographic, clinical and microbiological data were recorded in all patients with a diagnosis of septic shock and severe sepsis during the study period. For all patients the PIRO classification system was applied by one of four authors using paramethers measured at admission. Results: Atotal of 42 patients were included with a mean age of 11 months (range 3.25-58.3) of which 52% were male. Overall mortality was 19% and variables associated with mortality for each category were: (P) Chronic illness (OR: 7 IC95% 0.95-51) and Immunodeficiency (OR: 6.2; IC95% 1.1-35.2); (R) leucopema (OR 9; IC95%: 1.96-41.72); (O) more thanthree dysfunctional organs (OR: 6.1; IC95%: 1.22-31). None of the (I) variables were associated with mortality. Conclusions: The PIRO classification system identified factors associated with a fatal outcome in our population. The test is relatively simple to apply but cross-sectional studies are required to define variables associated with death that should then be prospectivelly validated.

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          Most cited references80

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          Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock*

          Critical Care Medicine, 34(6), 1589-1596
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            2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference.

            In 1991, the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) convened a "Consensus Conference," the goals of which were to "provide a conceptual and a practical framework to define the systemic inflammatory response to infection, which is a progressive injurious process that falls under the generalized term 'sepsis' and includes sepsis-associated organ dysfunction as well. The general definitions introduced as a result of that conference have been widely used in practice, and have served as the foundation for inclusion criteria for numerous clinical trials of therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, there has been an impetus from experts in the field to modify these definitions to reflect our current understanding of the pathophysiology of these syndromes. Several North American and European intensive care societies agreed to revisit the definitions for sepsis and related conditions. This conference was sponsored by the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the Surgical Infection Society (SIS). 29 participants attended the conference from Europe and North America. In advance of the conference, subgroups were formed to evaluate the following areas: signs and symptoms of sepsis, cell markers, cytokines, microbiologic data, and coagulation parameters. The present manuscript serves as the final report of the 2001 International Sepsis Definitions Conference. 1. Current concepts of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock remain useful to clinicians and researchers. 2. These definitions do not allow precise staging or prognostication of the host response to infection. 3. While SIRS remains a useful concept, the diagnostic criteria for SIRS published in 1992 are overly sensitive and non-specific. 4. An expanded list of signs and symptoms of sepsis may better reflect the clinical response to infection. 6. PIRO, a hypothetical model for staging sepsis is presented, which, in the future, may better characterize the syndrome on the basis of predisposing factors and premorbid conditions, the nature of the underlying infection, the characteristics of the host response, and the extent of the resultant organ dysfunction.
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              Genetic and environmental influences on premature death in adult adoptees.

              To assess genetic and environmental influences on adult mortality, we followed 960 families that included children born during the period 1924 through 1926 who were placed early in life with adoptive parents unrelated to them. We evaluated the risks of dying from all causes or from specific groups of causes between the ages of 16 and 58 years for adoptees with a biologic or adoptive parent who died of the same cause before the age of either 50 or 70. We compared these risks with the adoptees' risk of dying from the same causes between the ages of 16 and 58 when either the biologic or adoptive parents were still alive at the ages of 50 and 70. The death of a biologic parent before the age of 50 resulted in relative risks of death in the adoptees of 1.71 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.14 to 2.57) for all causes, 1.98 (1.25 to 3.12) for natural causes, 5.81 (2.47 to 13.7) for infections, 4.52 (1.32 to 15.4) for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular causes, and 1.19 (0.16 to 8.99) for cancers. The death of an adoptive parent resulted in relative risks of death in the adoptees that were close to unity for all causes, natural causes, and infections, 3.02 (0.72 to 12.8) for vascular causes, and 5.16 (1.20 to 22.2) for cancers. A similar but weaker pattern was observed when either a biologic or adoptive parent died before the age of 70. We conclude that premature death in adults has a strong genetic background--especially death due to infections and vascular causes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rci
                Revista chilena de infectología
                Rev. chil. infectol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Infectología (Santiago, , Chile )
                0716-1018
                February 2010
                : 27
                : 1
                : 17-23
                Affiliations
                [02] Santiago orgnameHospital Padre Hurtado orgdiv1Área de Cuidados Críticos Chile
                [01] Santiago orgnameUniversidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Chile
                Article
                S0716-10182010000100002 S0716-1018(10)02700102
                10.4067/S0716-10182010000100002
                c92de53c-eb75-4bee-9d97-5a75297504bb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 April 2009
                : 15 November 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 47, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICULOS ORIGINALES

                estratificación,septic shock,sepsis,staging,PIRO,PIRO model,sepsis grave,Infección,shock séptico,Infection,severe sepsis

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