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      Concepções de gênero, masculinidade e cuidados em saúde: estudo com profissionais de saúde da atenção primária Translated title: Concepts of gender, masculinity and healthcare: a study of primary healthcare professionals

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          Abstract

          O trabalho analisa as concepções de gênero e masculinidades de profissionais de saúde da Atenção Primária à Saúde em quatro estados do país (PE, RJ, RN, SP) a partir de duas perspectivas: os significados associados a ser homem e a relação masculinidade e cuidados em saúde. O estudo de natureza qualitativa é parte de pesquisa multicêntrica tendo por referência a triangulação de métodos. Foram analisadas 69 entrevistas em profundidade de profissionais de saúde com formação de nível superior. Os relatos dos profissionais (re)produzem a noção de que os serviços são "espaços feminilizados", o que se traduz no seu cotidiano por um reforço à ideia do corpo masculino como lócus do não cuidado em oposição ao corpo feminino visto como lócus desse cuidado. Sobressai a representação dos profissionais sobre os homens centrados na forte presença de um padrão hegemônico de masculinidade, que influencia o pouco envolvimento destes com os cuidados em saúde. A existência de um modelo estereotipado de gênero acarreta a (re)produção de desigualdades entre homens e mulheres na assistência a saúde e compromete a visibilidade de outros significados e expressões de identidades de gênero.

          Translated abstract

          This paper analyzes concepts of gender and masculinity among Primary Healthcare professionals in four Brazilian States (Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, São Paulo). It is based on two perspectives: the meanings associated with being a man and the relations between masculinity and healthcare. This qualitative study is part of a multicentric investigation, which used triangulation methods as a benchmark. Sixty-nine in-depth interviews carried out among health professionals with higher education were analyzed. The discourses (re)produce the notion that health facilities are "feminized spaces". Within the daily routine, this notion is translated as reinforcing the idea that the male body is not a locus of this care, as opposed to the female body which is considered a locus of care. The presence of a hegemonic pattern of masculinity is prominent among professionals' representations of men and seems to influence the latter, in their lack of commitment with healthcare. The existence of a stereotyped gender model (re)produces disparities between men and women in healthcare and compromises the visibility of other meanings and expressions of gender identities.

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          Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health.

          Men in the United States suffer more severe chronic conditions, have higher death rates for all 15 leading causes of death, and die nearly 7 yr younger than women. Health-related beliefs and behaviours are important contributors to these differences. Men in the United States are more likely than women to adopt beliefs and behaviours that increase their risks, and are less likely to engage in behaviours that are linked with health and longevity. In an attempt to explain these differences, this paper proposes a relational theory of men's health from a social constructionist and feminist perspective. It suggests that health-related beliefs and behaviours, like other social practices that women and men engage in, are a means for demonstrating femininities and masculinities. In examining constructions of masculinity and health within a relational context, this theory proposes that health behaviours are used in daily interactions in the social structuring of gender and power. It further proposes that the social practices that undermine men's health are often signifiers of masculinity and instruments that men use in the negotiation of social power and status. This paper explores how factors such as ethnicity, economic status, educational level, sexual orientation and social context influence the kind of masculinity that men construct and contribute to differential health risks among men in the United States. It also examines how masculinity and health are constructed in relation to femininities and to institutional structures, such as the health care system. Finally, it explores how social and institutional structures help to sustain and reproduce men's health risks and the social construction of men as the stronger sex.
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            Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health

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              Assistência à saúde dos homens: um desafio para os serviços de atenção primária

              O texto discute como os serviços de atenção primária podem contribuir para uma prática saudável por parte da população masculina. Tal objetivo implica a discussão de estratégias que envolvem os homens como sujeitos confrontados com as diferentes dimensões da vida; os serviços na maneira como eles se organizam para atender os usuários considerando suas particularidades; e os vínculos estabelecidos entre os homens e os serviços e vice-versa. Como fundamentação teórica, prevalecem os conceitos de gênero e de necessidade em saúde. Esses conceitos são relacionados à experiência prática desenvolvida no Centro de Saúde Escola Samuel B. Pessoa, localizado no bairro do Butantã, na cidade de São Paulo.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-8123
                1678-4561
                November 2011
                : 16
                : 11
                : 4503-4512
                Affiliations
                [01] Santos São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Departamento Saúde, Educação, Sociedade Brazil
                [02] São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Brazil
                Article
                S1413-81232011001200023 S1413-8123(11)01601123
                10.1590/S1413-81232011001200023
                c8ee1f01-6e96-4713-820c-e8bc84fc9a05

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 January 2010
                : 10 February 2010
                : 08 December 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigo

                Masculinidade,Gênero,Saúde do homem,Masculinidade e saúde,Atenção primária,Masculinity,Gender,Masculinity and health,Primary Healthcare,Men's health

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