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      Automated gender‐Parkinson's disease detection at the same time via a hybrid deep model using human voice

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      Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience
      Wiley

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          Summary

          Gender and Parkinson disease (PD) identifications are critical parts to be noted from a given in human voice. Numerous artificial intelligence based methods have been proposed to detect gender and PD easily in literature. It is purposed to build an effective and a dependable simultaneously gender and PD recognition system based on feature extraction and feature selection methods in this study. First, CNN structure is used for obtaining deeper features from TQWT applied data and acoustic deep parameters are obtained by it. Later, these deep features are subjected to mRMR feature selection algorithm that increase the performance efficiency of the classifiers. As a result, the crucial features obtained by this hybrid structure and significant success rate 98.9% is obtained with the k‐NN classifier. Thus, gender and PD are detected at the same time. Also, this work is multiclass problem so, the other success parameters are calculated separately.

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          Most cited references44

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          Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic

          The kappa statistic is frequently used to test interrater reliability. The importance of rater reliability lies in the fact that it represents the extent to which the data collected in the study are correct representations of the variables measured. Measurement of the extent to which data collectors (raters) assign the same score to the same variable is called interrater reliability. While there have been a variety of methods to measure interrater reliability, traditionally it was measured as percent agreement, calculated as the number of agreement scores divided by the total number of scores. In 1960, Jacob Cohen critiqued use of percent agreement due to its inability to account for chance agreement. He introduced the Cohen’s kappa, developed to account for the possibility that raters actually guess on at least some variables due to uncertainty. Like most correlation statistics, the kappa can range from −1 to +1. While the kappa is one of the most commonly used statistics to test interrater reliability, it has limitations. Judgments about what level of kappa should be acceptable for health research are questioned. Cohen’s suggested interpretation may be too lenient for health related studies because it implies that a score as low as 0.41 might be acceptable. Kappa and percent agreement are compared, and levels for both kappa and percent agreement that should be demanded in healthcare studies are suggested.
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            Index for rating diagnostic tests

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              Feature selection based on mutual information: criteria of max-dependency, max-relevance, and min-redundancy.

              Feature selection is an important problem for pattern classification systems. We study how to select good features according to the maximal statistical dependency criterion based on mutual information. Because of the difficulty in directly implementing the maximal dependency condition, we first derive an equivalent form, called minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance criterion (mRMR), for first-order incremental feature selection. Then, we present a two-stage feature selection algorithm by combining mRMR and other more sophisticated feature selectors (e.g., wrappers). This allows us to select a compact set of superior features at very low cost. We perform extensive experimental comparison of our algorithm and other methods using three different classifiers (naive Bayes, support vector machine, and linear discriminate analysis) and four different data sets (handwritten digits, arrhythmia, NCI cancer cell lines, and lymphoma tissues). The results confirm that mRMR leads to promising improvement on feature selection and classification accuracy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience
                Concurrency and Computation
                Wiley
                1532-0626
                1532-0634
                November 30 2022
                August 23 2022
                November 30 2022
                : 34
                : 26
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Firat University Elazig Turkey
                Article
                10.1002/cpe.7289
                c8e81f0a-aa56-4e27-83cc-0099045931b3
                © 2022

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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