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      PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CHILEAN SPECIES OF DRIMYS (WTNTERACEAE) BASED ON ITS SEQUENCES AND INSERTION/DELETION EVENTS Translated title: RELACIONES FILOGENETICAS ENTRE LAS ESPECIES CHILENAS DE DRIMYS (WINTERACEAE), BASADAS EN SUS SECUENCIAS ITS Y EVENTOS DE INSERCION/DELECION

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          Abstract

          Phylogenetic relationships among Chilean species of Drimys as well asD. granadensis from Central America andD. angustifolia from Brazil were reconstructed using internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and a parsimony analysis. Our results at the family level were congruent with previous phylogenetic hypotheses. Molecular data indicate that the Juan Fernandez Island endemic D. confertifolia diverged early in the evolution of the genus, and it is not closely related to the continental species D. winteri, as might be expected on the basis of morphology and biogeography. The ITS phytogeny also provides general support for a recent distribution of species on the western side of the Andes Mountains; the only exception is D. andina, which may represent an early divergence that occurred just before the Quaternary. The only species examined from east of the Andes, D. angustifolia, also represents an early divergence in the genus, which is in agreement with the ancient pollen record in Argentinean Patagonia and the lack of Tertiary records in Chile.

          Translated abstract

          Se reconstruyeron relaciones filogenéticas de las especies chilenas de Drimys, que incluyó a D. granadensis de América Central y D. angustifolia de Brasil, donde se uso la región del espaciador transcrito interno (ITS) del ADN ribosomal nuclear y sus eventos de inserción/deleción (indels) a través de un análisis de parsimonia. Nuestros resultados a nivel de familia fueron congruentes con previas hipótesis filogenéticas propuestas. Los datos moleculares indican queD. confertifolia, endémica del Archipiélago de Juan Fernández, divergió temprano en la evolución del género, y que no está cercanamente emparentada a las especies continentales de D. winteri, como se podría esperar sobre la base de la morfología y la biogeografía. Los datos moleculares también apoyan una distribución reciente en el lado oeste de la Cordillera de los Andes, la única excepción es D. andina la cual puede representar una divergencia temprana que ocurrió justo antes del Cuaternario. La única especie estudiada del lado este de la Cordillera de los Andes, D. angustifolia, también representa una divergencia temprana en el género, hipótesis que concuerda con el antiguo registro palinológico del Terciario en la Patagonia argentina y la falta de estos en Chile.

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          Toward Defining the Course of Evolution: Minimum Change for a Specific Tree Topology

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            A rapid DNA isolation procedure for samll quantities of fresh leaf tissue

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              Palynology of the Last Interglacial-Glacial Cycle in Midlatitudes of Southern Chile

              Pollen and spores in stratigraphic sections located between 40 and 42°S range in age from the Holocene, through much of the Llanquihue Glaciation, to the last interglaciation. Chronology of the stratigraphy derives from some 35 14 C ages and the age relations of Llanquihue Drift and related deposits. Q-Mode, rotated, principal-components analysis of four key pollen records covering the last interglacial-glacial cycle resulted in four leading components: Nothofagus dombeyi type, Gramineae, Weinmannia-Fitzroya type, and Myrtaceae. Analysis emphasizes interaction between the first two components. Loadings of Gramineae during the interglaciation are high, unlike the Holocene; Weinmannia-Fitzroya -type loadings, prominent in the Holocene, are negligible during the interglaciation. N. dombeyi type is the primary component during Llanquihue Glaciation; it becomes modified by increases of Gramineae sometime after 31,000 and before 14,000 yr B.P. and of Myrtaceae later. The Myrtaceae with Weinmannia-Fitzroya type also registers some activity around 42,000 yr B.P. Fluctuations in the belt of westerly winds, reflecting changing meteorological conditions in polar latitudes, are suggested by these data. With the belt located farther south than it is today, interglacial climate was much drier and warmer than during the Holocene; more northerly displacement of the belt obtained when climate was colder during Llanquihue Glaciation. Evidence from comparable latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere points toward a synchrony of major climatic events indicating harmonious fluctuations in the position of the westerlies.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                gbot
                Gayana. Botánica
                Gayana Bot.
                Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción (Concepción )
                0717-6643
                2008
                : 65
                : 2
                : 220-228
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Concepción Chile
                [2 ] University of Kansas USA
                [3 ] University of Vienna Austria
                Article
                S0717-66432008000200008
                10.4067/S0717-66432008000200008
                c8a988bd-3787-478f-8179-99e2f7209ec4

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0717-6643&lng=en
                Categories
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany
                Drimys,evolution,ITS,indels,Winteraceae,evolución,inserciones
                Plant science & Botany
                Drimys, evolution, ITS, indels, Winteraceae, evolución, inserciones

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