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      Efecto del confinamiento por covid-19 sobre la incidencia y gravedad de las caídas en personas mayores institucionalizadas: estudio longitudinal Translated title: Effect of covid-19 lockdown on the incidence and severity of falls in institutionalized older people: a longitudinal study

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          Abstract

          Antecedentes: En la pandemia de covid-19 se declararon medidas en residencias geriátricas, como el confinamiento estricto.

          Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del confinamiento sobre la incidencia de caídas y sus factores asociados en personas mayores institucionalizadas durante el primer año de pandemia en comparación con el año previo.

          Métodos: Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico, comparativo entre el año prepandemia (marzo 2019- febrero 2020) y el primer año (marzo 2020- febrero 2021) en 5 residencias de Cataluña (España). Se registró el número de caídas, fecha, lugar y consecuencias, así como información sociodemográfica y de salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, bivariante y multivariado, calculando Odds Ratio (OR) con intervalos de confianza del 95% y significación estadística de p<0.05.

          Resultados: La muestra fue de 80 individuos, con una edad media de 84,4 años, siendo un 83,7% mujeres. El primer año de pandemia, aumentaron las caídas por persona un 0.21% (en habitaciones un 32,0%). En el análisis multivariado del periodo prepandemia, el riesgo de sarcopenia (OR=4.02; 95% IC [1.09-14.82] p=0.036) resultó un factor de riesgo de caídas independientemente de la edad y la hipertensión. En el primer año de pandemia no se encontraron factores asociados estadísticamente significativos.

          Conclusiones: En el primer año de pandemia por covid-19, aumentaron un 15.6% las caídas y un 8.7% las personas que cayeron en comparación con el año anterior. Cambió el lugar de las zonas comunes a las habitaciones y la severidad, aumentando un 10,1% las fracturas. La edad avanzada, el riesgo de sarcopenia y la hipertensión arterial se asociaron a las caídas en el período prepandemia.

          Translated abstract

          Background: During the covid-19 pandemic, virus contention measures such as strict confinement were declared in nursing homes.

          Objective: To assess the impact of confinement on the incidence of falls and their associated factors in institutionalized older persons during the first year of the pandemic compared to the previous year.

          Methods: A multicenter, comparative study was conducted between the pre-pandemic year (March 2019-February 2020) and the first year (March 2020-February 2021) in 5 nursing homes in Catalonia (Spain). The number of falls, date, placement and consequences were recorded, as well as sociodemographic and health information. A descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed, calculating Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals and statistical significance of p<0.05.

          Results: The sample consisted of 80 individuals, with a mean age of 84.4 years, 83.7% being women. In the first year of the pandemic, the number of falls per person increased by 0.21% (32.0% in rooms). In multivariate analysis of the pre-pandemic period, the risk of sarcopenia (OR=4.02; 95% CI [1.09-14.82] p=0.036) was a risk factor for falls independently of age and hypertension. In the first year of pandemic no statistically significant associated factors were found.

          Conclusions: In the first year of the covid-19 pandemic, there was a 15.6% increase in falls and an 8.7% increase in the number of people who fell compared to the previous year. The falls’ location changed from common areas to bedrooms and increased in severity, with a 10.1% increase in fractures. Older age, risk of sarcopenia and arterial hypertension were associated with falls during the prepademic period.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol
          Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol
          Revista Espanola De Geriatria Y Gerontologia
          SEGG. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.
          0211-139X
          1578-1747
          28 February 2023
          28 February 2023
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M 3O). Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare. Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS). University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Spain
          [2 ]Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology, C. Príncipe de Vergara, 57-59, 28006 Madrid, Spain
          [3 ]Research group on Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory. Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare. Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS). University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Spain
          Author notes
          [* ]Correspondence to: Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O). Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare. Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS). University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), C. Sagrada Família, 7, 08500 Vic, Spain
          Article
          S0211-139X(23)00036-7
          10.1016/j.regg.2023.02.005
          9970918
          36931911
          c813e8c0-72c2-4ea9-853f-d518e15e8b7b
          © 2023 SEGG. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

          Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

          History
          : 14 December 2022
          : 15 February 2023
          Categories
          Article

          caídas,residencias geriátricas,confinamiento,personas mayores,falls,nursing homes,confinement,older people

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