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      Aislamiento e identificación de hongos de las hojas infectadas con la falsa cenicilla en cultivos de cártamo en el Valle del Yaqui, México Translated title: Isolation and identification of fungi from leaves infected with false mildew on safflower crops in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico

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          Abstract

          La falsa cenicilla es una enfermedad que afecta seriamente los cultivos de cártamo en el Valle del Yaqui, México, y es causada por la infección de un hongo perteneciente al género Ramularia. En el presente estudio, un hongo aislado de hojas contaminadas fue cultivado bajo diferentes condiciones de crecimiento con la finalidad de estudiar su desarrollo micelial y producción de esporas, determinándose que el medio sólido de Septoria tritici, 18 °C de incubación y fotoperiodos de 12 h luz-oscuridad, fueron las condiciones más adecuadas para el desarrollo del hongo. Este aislamiento fue identificado morfológicamente como Ramularia cercosporelloides, pero genómicamente como Cercosporella acroptili, por lo que no se puede aún concluir que especie causa esta enfermedad. Adicionalmente, en la periferia de las infecciones estudiadas se detectó la presencia de Alternaria tenuissima y Cladosporium cladosporioides.

          Translated abstract

          False mildew is a serious disease of safflower crops in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico, and is caused by infection with a fungus belonging to the genus Ramularia. In the present study, a fungus isolated from leaf lesions was grown under different growth conditions in order to study its mycelial growth and spore production, determining that the solid medium of Septoria tritici at 18 °C of incubation and photoperiod of 12 h light-dark, were the most suitable conditions for the fungal development. The isolated was morphologically identified as Ramularia cercosporelloides, but genomically as Cercosporella acroptili, therefore cannot be concluded which species causes this disease. Also, in the periphery of false mildew were found the presence of Alternaria tenuissima and Cladosporium cladoporioides.

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          A plea for DNA taxonomy

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            A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi.

            A comprehensive phylogenetic classification of the kingdom Fungi is proposed, with reference to recent molecular phylogenetic analyses, and with input from diverse members of the fungal taxonomic community. The classification includes 195 taxa, down to the level of order, of which 16 are described or validated here: Dikarya subkingdom nov.; Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota phyla nov.; Monoblepharidomycetes, Neocallimastigomycetes class. nov.; Eurotiomycetidae, Lecanoromycetidae, Mycocaliciomycetidae subclass. nov.; Acarosporales, Corticiales, Baeomycetales, Candelariales, Gloeophyllales, Melanosporales, Trechisporales, Umbilicariales ords. nov. The clade containing Ascomycota and Basidiomycota is classified as subkingdom Dikarya, reflecting the putative synapomorphy of dikaryotic hyphae. The most dramatic shifts in the classification relative to previous works concern the groups that have traditionally been included in the Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota. The Chytridiomycota is retained in a restricted sense, with Blastocladiomycota and Neocallimastigomycota representing segregate phyla of flagellated Fungi. Taxa traditionally placed in Zygomycota are distributed among Glomeromycota and several subphyla incertae sedis, including Mucoromycotina, Entomophthoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina, and Zoopagomycotina. Microsporidia are included in the Fungi, but no further subdivision of the group is proposed. Several genera of 'basal' Fungi of uncertain position are not placed in any higher taxa, including Basidiobolus, Caulochytrium, Olpidium, and Rozella.
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              Phylogenetic lineages in the Capnodiales

              The Capnodiales incorporates plant and human pathogens, endophytes, saprobes and epiphytes, with a wide range of nutritional modes. Several species are lichenised, or occur as parasites on fungi, or animals. The aim of the present study was to use DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes to test the monophyly of the Capnodiales, and resolve families within the order. We designed primers to allow the amplification and sequencing of almost the complete nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes. Other than the Capnodiaceae (sooty moulds), and the Davidiellaceae, which contains saprobes and plant pathogens, the order presently incorporates families of major plant pathological importance such as the Mycosphaerellaceae, Teratosphaeriaceae and Schizothyriaceae. The Piedraiaceae was not supported, but resolves in the Teratosphaeriaceae. The Dissoconiaceae is introduced as a new family to accommodate Dissoconium and Ramichloridium. Lichenisation, as well as the ability to be saprobic or plant pathogenic evolved more than once in several families, though the taxa in the upper clades of the tree lead us to conclude that the strictly plant pathogenic, nectrotrophic families evolved from saprobic ancestors (Capnodiaceae), which is the more primitive state.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmm
                Revista mexicana de micología
                Rev. Mex. Mic
                Sociedad Mexicana de Micología (Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico )
                0187-3180
                2013
                : 37
                : 19-27
                Affiliations
                [02] Cd. Obregón Sonora orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias orgdiv1Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug
                [01] Hermosillo Sonora orgnameUniversidad de Sonora orgdiv1Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos México
                Article
                S0187-31802013000100004 S0187-3180(13)03700000004
                c803082d-f3e8-407a-8be9-4ca465d70cc3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 May 2013
                : 28 September 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Contribuciones

                Ramularia cercosporelloides,Carthamus tinctorius,Cercosporella acroptili,hongos aislados,Sonora,isolated fungi

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