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      Descripción de las huellas de camélidos y félidos de la localidad Pie de Vaca, Cenozoico Tardío de Puebla, centro de México y algunas consideraciones paleobiológicas Translated title: Description of camelids and felids of the Pie de Vaca site, Late Cenozoic of Puebla, central Mexico, and some paleobiological considerations

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          Abstract

          Resumen La localidad Pie de Vaca en el estado de Puebla destaca por su importante abundancia de huellas fósiles pertenecientes a mamíferos, entre las cuales las más representativas han sido referidas a camélidos y félidos. El propósito del presente estudio fue la caracterización formal de este conjunto de huellas y comentar algunos aspectos paleobiológicos relacionados con el tamaño, velocidad y modalidad de progresión de los productores del registro icnofosilífero. La muestra consistió en 233 huellas: 154 pertenecen a nueve rastros producidos por camélidos y 79 a tres rastros por félidos. La caracterización de las huellas se realizó mediante la comparación de su tamaño y morfología con otras producidas por taxones fósiles y recientes. Las impresiones de camélidos, con base en su forma y tamaño, fueron designadas a la icnoespecie Lamaichnum guanicoe, ya que muestran el patrón morfológico típico de este grupo de artiodáctilos. Se sugiere que fueron producidas por algún integrante del género Hemiauchenia, el cual corresponde al camélido más común del Cenozoico tardío de México. Por su parte, las huellas de félidos únicamente fueron referidas a la morfofamilia Felipedidae debido a la mala preservación de sus caracteres icnotaxonómicos; sin embargo, al ser más grandes que huellas de los icnogéneros Felipeda, Pycnodactylopus, Pumaeichnum y Mitsupes, se sugiere que fueron producidas por alguna forma de talla mediana a grande, por ejemplo un macairodontino o un panterino. El modo de progresión de ambos productores corresponde con el de organismos con caminata relativamente rápida que se desplazan a una velocidad inferior a los 4 m/s. La dirección y número de individuos de los rastros de camélidos, son indicativos de un comportamiento gregario, probablemente asociado a cierta organización social. En el caso de los félidos se propone un comportamiento solitario o en pareja.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The Pie de Vaca locality in the State of Puebla stands out for its important abundance of fossil mammal footprints, among them, the most representatives have been referred to camelids and felids. The purpose of the present study was the formal characterization of this set of footprints and comment on some paleobiological aspects related to their size, speed, and mode of progression of the track-makers. The sample consists of 233 footprints including 154 referable to nine trackways produced by camelids and 79 referable to three trackways produced by felids. The characterization of the tracks was made by comparing their size and morphology with others produced by fossil and recent taxa. The impressions of camelids, based on their shape and size, were designated to the icnospecies Lamaichnum guanicoe because they show the typical morphological pattern of this group of artiodactyls. It is suggested that they were produced by some member of the genus Hemiauchenia, which corresponds to the most common camelid of the Late Cenozoic of Mexico. On the other hand, the tracks of felids were only referred to the morphofamily Felipedidae due to the bad preservation of its ichnotaxonomic characters; however, being larger than traces of the ichnogenera Felipeda, Pycnodactylopus, Pumaeichnum and Mitsupes, it is suggested that they were produced by some form of medium to large size, a machairodontid or a pantherine, for instance. The mode of progression of both producers corresponds to that of relatively fast walking organisms that move at a speed lower than 4 m/s. The direction and number of individuals of camelids trackways, are indicative of gregarious behavior, probably associated with a certain social organization. In the case of felids, solitary or couple behavior is proposed.

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              The impact of large terrestrial carnivores on Pleistocene ecosystems.

              Large mammalian terrestrial herbivores, such as elephants, have dramatic effects on the ecosystems they inhabit and at high population densities their environmental impacts can be devastating. Pleistocene terrestrial ecosystems included a much greater diversity of megaherbivores (e.g., mammoths, mastodons, giant ground sloths) and thus a greater potential for widespread habitat degradation if population sizes were not limited. Nevertheless, based on modern observations, it is generally believed that populations of megaherbivores (>800 kg) are largely immune to the effects of predation and this perception has been extended into the Pleistocene. However, as shown here, the species richness of big carnivores was greater in the Pleistocene and many of them were significantly larger than their modern counterparts. Fossil evidence suggests that interspecific competition among carnivores was relatively intense and reveals that some individuals specialized in consuming megaherbivores. To estimate the potential impact of Pleistocene large carnivores, we use both historic and modern data on predator-prey body mass relationships to predict size ranges of their typical and maximum prey when hunting as individuals and in groups. These prey size ranges are then compared with estimates of juvenile and subadult proboscidean body sizes derived from extant elephant growth data. Young proboscideans at their most vulnerable age fall within the predicted prey size ranges of many of the Pleistocene carnivores. Predation on juveniles can have a greater impact on megaherbivores because of their long interbirth intervals, and consequently, we argue that Pleistocene carnivores had the capacity to, and likely did, limit megaherbivore population sizes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bsgm
                Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana
                Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex
                Sociedad Geológica Mexicana A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                1405-3322
                2018
                : 70
                : 2
                : 397-416
                Affiliations
                [1] Mineral de la Reforma orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo orgdiv1Área Académica de Biología Mexico
                [2] Mineral de la Reforma orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Mexico
                Article
                S1405-33222018000200397 S1405-3322(18)07000200397
                10.18268/bsgm2018v70n2a9
                c7516ef1-d7eb-449e-adbf-ff58f1713ce1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 November 2017
                : 12 January 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 77, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
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                stride,progresión,zancada,paso,félidos,camélidos,icnita,progression,pace,felids,camelids,ichnite

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