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      Targeting EphA2 in cancer

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          Abstract

          Eph receptors and the corresponding Eph receptor-interacting (ephrin) ligands jointly constitute a critical cell signaling network that has multiple functions. The tyrosine kinase EphA2, which belongs to the family of Eph receptors, is highly produced in tumor tissues, while found at relatively low levels in most normal adult tissues, indicating its potential application in cancer treatment. After 30 years of investigation, a large amount of data regarding EphA2 functions have been compiled. Meanwhile, several compounds targeting EphA2 have been evaluated and tested in clinical studies, albeit with limited clinical success. The present review briefly describes the contribution of EphA2-ephrin A1 signaling axis to carcinogenesis. In addition, the roles of EphA2 in resistance to molecular-targeted agents were examined. In particular, we focused on EphA2’s potential as a target for cancer treatment to provide insights into the application of EphA2 targeting in anticancer strategies. Overall, EphA2 represents a potential target for treating malignant tumors.

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          The Principles of Engineering Immune Cells to Treat Cancer

          Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have proven that engineered immune cells can serve as a powerful new class of cancer therapeutics. Clinical experience has helped to define the major challenges that must be met to make engineered T cells a reliable, safe, and effective platform that can be deployed against a broad range of tumors. The emergence of synthetic biology approaches for cellular engineering is providing us with a broadly expanded set of tools for programming immune cells. We discuss how these tools could be used to design the next generation of smart T cell precision therapeutics.
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            Mechanisms and functions of Eph and ephrin signalling.

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              RNA interference in the clinic: challenges and future directions.

              Inherent difficulties with blocking many desirable targets using conventional approaches have prompted many to consider using RNA interference (RNAi) as a therapeutic approach. Although exploitation of RNAi has immense potential as a cancer therapeutic, many physiological obstacles stand in the way of successful and efficient delivery. This Review explores current challenges to the development of synthetic RNAi-based therapies and considers new approaches to circumvent biological barriers, to avoid intolerable side effects and to achieve controlled and sustained release.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                zqxiao2001@hotmail.com
                sumin27@126.com
                Journal
                J Hematol Oncol
                J Hematol Oncol
                Journal of Hematology & Oncology
                BioMed Central (London )
                1756-8722
                18 August 2020
                18 August 2020
                2020
                : 13
                : 114
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.506261.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0706 7839, Institute of Dermatology, , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, ; Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042 China
                [2 ]GRID grid.216417.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0379 7164, Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, , Central South University, ; Changsha, Hunan 410008 China
                [3 ]GRID grid.216417.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0379 7164, Thoracic Surgery Department 2, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, , Central South University, ; Changsha, Hunan 410013 China
                [4 ]GRID grid.216417.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0379 7164, Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, , Central South University, ; Changsha, 410013 China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-1883
                Article
                944
                10.1186/s13045-020-00944-9
                7433191
                31900191
                c74c930a-42ab-49e7-8a99-804f9de82622
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 31 May 2020
                : 27 July 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 81230053, 81874132, 81472801, 81672687
                Award ID: 81802947
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004735, Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province;
                Award ID: 2019JJ50968
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: State Key Basic Research Program of China
                Award ID: 2013CB910502
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Shenzhen Science and Technology Program of China
                Award ID: KQTD20170810160226082
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011496, Science and Technology Bureau, Changsha;
                Award ID: kq1801110
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                epha2 receptor,ephrin a1,cancer,therapy,target
                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                epha2 receptor, ephrin a1, cancer, therapy, target

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